應用於自然生態觀測之無線感測系統設計

Design of Wireless Sensor System of Observation of Natural Ecology

郭哲均(Che-Chun Kuo)

指導教授 ： 張嘉展

國立中正大學/工學院/電機工程學系/碩士(2013年)

摘要

本論文發展兩套系統，一為微型都卜勒雷達系統，其延續實驗室之咽喉微振動感測技術與遠距無線心肺訊號偵測技術，將微振動感測方法應用於鳥類振翅頻率的探測。另一套系統為雷射感測系統，利用光電晶體特性，建立一小範圍檢測昆蟲振翅頻率的探測系統。結合兩套系統的優點，進而建立無線生態觀測的資料庫。

兩套系統分別針對不同的實驗對象進行量測。微型都卜勒雷達的初期實驗對象為仿生鳥，並以單物種、多物種、量測時間、量測距離與環境回波等作為實驗變數來進行系統驗證，結果顯示量測最大距離為5公尺、最短量測時間為1秒鐘且系統不易受環境回波影響。最後以飛行仿生鳥與實際鳥類－虎皮鸚鵡來量測。

而雷射感測系統的初期實驗對象為壓電陶瓷片，利用其微小振福來仿造昆蟲翅膀之微小振福，在實驗中觀察其光電晶體特性並從中改進軟體演算法。最後以實際昆蟲－1隻紋白蝶與2隻紋黃蝶進行量測，將三個實驗對象所得之振翅頻率資料量，分別做124筆、130筆與110筆的振翅頻率累積分布圖。

關鍵字

昆蟲 ； 鳥類 ； 翅膀振動頻率 ； 無線

並列摘要

The thesis develops two systems to detect the wing-beat frequency of birds and insects, which can be applied for observation of natural ecology. The first one is using micro-Doppler radar to detect birds’ wing-beat frequency. The primary experiment is conducted using mechanical bird, in which single- specie, multi-species, detecting time, detecting distance, and environment clutter are investigated. The results show that the maximum detecting distance is up to 5 meters, while the estimating time is less than 1 second. In addition, both mechanical bird and real Budgerigar Melo in flying motions are also investigated.

The second system is using the characteristic of phototransistor to build up a short range Laser system to detect insect’s wing-beat frequency. The piezoelectric transducer is adapted in primary tests to simulate the micro-motion of insect’s wing. Based on the experimental results, we further improve estimation algorithm. The real insects, Peris Rapae Cricovora and Colias erate Formosa Shirozu, are also used for measurement. The cumulative distribution of those wing-beat data agrees very well with the ones from literature.

並列關鍵字

insect ； bird ； wingbeat frequency ； wireless

參考文獻

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