優秀中學游泳教練之領導行為

Leadership Behaviors of The Elite Swimming Coaches in High School

林俊竹(Jun-Zhu Lin)

指導教授 ： 曾沈連魁

國立中正大學/教育學院/運動與休閒教育研究所/碩士(2013年)

摘要

本研究目的在了解優秀游泳教練的教練領導行為及其影響因素。採質性方式，以立意抽樣方式，選取13位具十年以上具訓練實務，國家A級教練資格，以及帶選手曾獲國際性或全國性比賽，獲得前三名的中學游泳教練為半結構式訪談對象。另外採文件分析及參與觀察方式。本研究所得資料經開放性編碼、主軸編碼及選擇性編碼持續進行比較與分析。結果發現，優秀中學游泳教練領導行為包括訓練與教學行為、社會支持行為、管理行為、讚賞行為及溝通行為等。訓練與教學行為的概念包括指導原則、訓練方法及個別指導；社會支持行為的概念包括心理輔導、課業輔導及生活照顧；管理行為的概念包括服從的態度、生活管理及公平的態度；讚賞行為的概念包括精神鼓勵、實質鼓勵及行為態度的建立；溝通行為的概念包括雙向互動、回饋與建議、反省思考。另外，影響優秀中學游泳教練領導行為的因素包括訓練的瓶頸、學校與家長的支持、訓練的資源及教練具備的條件。中學的游泳教練需要注重及強化訓練與教學、社會支持、管理、讚賞及溝通等行為才能提升其領導力。本研究結果將有助於未來培育更多頂尖的游泳選手，提升國內游泳專任教練及專長教師參與運動訓練的參考依據，進而提升教練的專業訓練能力及優秀選手的訓練效益。

關鍵字

質性研究 ； 領導行為 ； 專任教練 ； 游泳訓練

並列摘要

The main purpose of this study was to explore the leadership behaviors and their influential factors of the elite swimming coaches in high school. Based on the qualitative methods, thirteen experienced and elite swimming coaches in high school of national A-level coaching qualifications and medalists in international or national competition were interviewed by judgment sampling and using semi-structured interview, documents analysis, and participation observation. All of the data were rearranged, induced, compared, and analyzed by open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. The results showed the leadership behaviors included training and teaching behaviors, social support behaviors, management behaviors, appreciative behaviors, and communication behaviors. The concepts of training and teaching behaviors included guiding principles, training methods, and individual guidance; The concepts of social support behaviors included psychological counseling, tutoring and life care; The concepts of management behaviors included the attitude of obedience, life management, and fair manner; The concepts of appreciative behaviors included spiritual encouragement, real encouragement, and establishment of behavior and attitude; The concepts of communication behaviors included two-way interaction, feedback and suggestions, and reflective thinking. In addition, the factors that impact the leadership behaviors of outstanding high school swimming coaches included training bottleneck, schools and parents support, training resources and coaches’ condition. The swimming coaches in high school need to emphasize and strengthen their training and teaching behaviors, social support behaviors, management behaviors, appreciative behaviors and communication behaviors in order to promote their leaderships. The results of this study will contribute as a reference in order to nurture more top swimmers, coaches and upgrading the professional ability of local full-time swimming coaches in the future, and thus enhance the skills of the coach's professional training and training effectiveness of elite swimmers.

並列關鍵字

leadership behaviors ； full-time coach ； swimming training ； qualitative research

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