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  • 學位論文

應用於癌症阻抗檢測系統之低功率與寬量測範圍三階時間數位轉換器

A Low-Power Wide-Range Triple-Stage Time-to-Digital Converter for Tumor Detection

指導教授 : 朱元三 李順裕
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摘要


本論文提出一套嶄新的癌症阻抗檢測系統與方法,以及一應用於該檢測系統之低功率與寬量測範圍三階時間數位轉換器。所提出系統之檢測方法主要分成兩大部分:阻抗增益(Gain)檢測區塊及阻抗相位(Phase)檢測區塊;值得一提的是本論文所提出的實現方式有別於以往的方法及架構,硬體需求上相對較少,並且避免傳統方法須面對的非同步問題。而本論文所提出之時間數位轉換器主要是負責該系統中的阻抗相位檢測區塊,由於生物阻抗本身具有電容特性,使刺激訊號在時間上產生位移(相位差),並且發現癌症組織阻抗在經由分析之後,其阻抗相位在1千赫茲至128千赫茲區間相較於正常組織有著明顯不同的特性趨勢,因此可藉由此時間數位轉換器在不同頻率下的檢測來判斷該組織是否發生病變。 本論文所提出之時間數位轉換器為了達到低功率與寬量測範圍,採用結合迴圈式及階層式的三階架構作為實現,其中包括了計數器、迴圈式粗調時間數位轉換器和細調時間數位轉換器,粗調時間數位轉換器及細調時間數位轉換器皆以延遲線的技術作為基礎。本論文所提出的電路採用TSMC 0.18μm standard CMOS製程實現,其最寬量測時間範圍為257.7微秒,最小解析度則為250奈秒;操作在1.5伏特的電源供應下,其功率消耗為9.4微瓦,晶片面積為0.2053毫米平方。

並列摘要


A novel detection method and a low-power, wide-measurement range, triple stage time-to-digital converter (TDC) for bioimpedance detection system in tumor are proposed. The proposed detection method for bioimpednace detection system consists of two main parts: a gain detection block and a phase detection block. Especially, the proposed method has differences from conventional methods and architectures. It has less hardware requirement in the implementation and can avoid the conventional problem of asynchronous. Moreover, because the biompedance has the capacitance characteristic inherently, it will lead that the stimulus signal has a time shift (phase difference). Therefore, the proposed TDC is mainly responsible for the phase detection block of system. And it has been found that the phase of bioimpedance has different monotonic characteristics obviously between tumor and normal tissue from 1kHz to 128kHz; thus the TDC can be used to judge whether the under testing tissue is tumor or not in different frequencies. The proposed TDC utilizes a combination of looped and hierarchical structures as the implementation of triple stage architecture, according to the delay line technique. The TDC achieves 250ns time resolution and 257.7μs measurement range. The TSMC 0.18μm standard CMOS process is employed in the implementation of the entire TDC with 1.5-V supply voltage, power consumption of 9.4μW, and occupied area of 0.2053 mm2 (core).

參考文獻


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[5] International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available : http://www.iarc.fr/
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