翻譯、語文實踐與國族想像-以嚴復、梁啟超、胡適為觀察核心

Translation, Language Practice and Imagination of Nationhood – Through The View Point of Yan Fu, Liang Qichao and Hu Shi.

林碧琴(Pi-Chin Lin)

指導教授 ： 龔顯宗 ； 江寶釵

國立中正大學/文學院/中國文學系/博士(2014年)

摘要

本文以嚴復、梁啟超、胡適三位為觀察核心，探討晚清中國留學生為何又如何透過翻譯和語文實踐將國族概念於中國再現，以及相關的中國與西方、傳統與現代、殖民與抵抗的權力關係。經過以譯者為中心的文化研究、以及跨語際實踐的文學研究的兩個觀察視角，得到以下結論：留學生是晚清中國繼傳教士、口岸知識分子而起的新文化譯介主體，中、西方政府都試圖控制其意識形態，以競逐重寫中國的權力。甲午戰後，嚴復在中國維新、守舊以及西方傳教士改革方案之外，提出由國民身體改造國族的選擇。梁啟超受嚴復譯介思想啟發，並於流亡日本時，受日譯西書影響，擴大透過使用新語言、新詞彙、新文體，藉報刊、小說等傳播媒介，建構有共同國族想像的國民群體。晚清小說則因嚴、梁期許，受外國政治小說影響，承擔啟蒙國民使命，小說自身文學個性因而未能得到良好實現。民國之後，胡適藉白話文學革命，達致國民精神解放與思想自由，並以譯介承載新時代所需精神的西方文學，為中國文學典範，以建構平等、民主的現代國族。

關鍵字

梁啟超 ； 嚴復 ； 晚清翻譯 ； 胡適

並列摘要

The main string of this thesis is going through the observation by Yan Fu, Liang Qichao and Hu Shi. Within their view point, we can realize the influence which was consolidation of the nationalism through foreign literature translation and publication by returned students at the late Qing Dynasty. And, we can gather and discuss the relationship between Chinese and Western, traditional and modern, colonial and anticolonial.
The conclusion was made by translator's cultural research and cross-language literary research. During the late Qing Dynasty, the returned students are the main translators of new cultural whom were the successors of missionary and harbor intellectual. And, all governments, China and the others, were try to control the returned students’ ideology to make overall influence.
Sino-Japanese war, Yan Fu suggest the reformation of the nation and nationalism by the citizen themselves which was differ from the China restoration and the reform program by the conservatives and the western missionaries.
Liang translating ideas was inspired by Yan Fu. And during the exile in Japan, Liang was influenced by the west publication which was translated in Japanese. For expanding the new knowledge and the concept of nationalism, Liang used variety of publications like newspapers, novels as media to publish the new concept by new language, new vocabulary.
The fiction at the late Qing Dynasty was expected the mission to educate Chinese people by Yan and Liang. Therefor the literature of novel was no well developing.
And at the period of the Republic of China, Hu Shi used vernacular literary revolution to achieve liberty of thinking and publication.

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