父母偏愛之正當性與侷限性

這篇論文旨在討論家庭之內的父母偏愛是否妨礙了機會平等的實現而應該受到限制，並且提供一種界定正當的父母偏愛之解釋。為了回答這些問題，本文先說明家庭關係是一種特殊義務，並且它對實現人類繁榮來說是必要條件，因此對父母偏愛的討論是建立在存在家庭制度的前提下。本文接著使用機運平等主義的主張，以Macleod的嚴格的兒童平等原則說明為了實現對所有人的平等關懷，包括對兒童的平等關懷而應該緩和純粹運氣造成的影響。在這篇文章中我主張家庭之內的父母偏愛是一種純粹運氣，並以台灣地區的經驗研究說明這種運氣如何影響了人們的人生前景。對於如何區分正當的父母偏愛則是以Brighouse and Swift 的家庭關係解釋提供一種區分的做法，主張正當的父母偏愛是取決它對維繫家庭關係或實現家庭價值來說是必要條件。除此之外的父母偏愛則應該被禁止或限制，並且國家應當制定政策去緩和當前的父母偏愛對機會平等所造成的影響，以實現對所有人的平等關懷。

關鍵字

純粹運氣；父母偏愛；機運平等主義；性別

並列摘要

This thesis aims to discuss whether legitimate parental partiality has intervened in the practice of dispensing equal opportunities or not, which should be restricted. Moreover, the thesis renders an explanation for defining legitimate parental partiality. For the purpose of responding these questions, the first step is to define the family relationship, which is a specialized obligation due to its effect for fulfilling human prosperity. Accordingly, the presupposition to make this discussion about legitimate parental partiality lies in the existence of family system. In this thesis, I will employ the main notions of Luck egalitarianism. According to Macleod’s perspective, the criterion of strict equality for children articulates the viewpoint: in order to accomplish equal concern to every human being including children, people need to lessen the effect caused by brute luck. In this article, my main statement is that family’s parental partiality is a kind of brute luck. I will utilize the experience research in Taiwan to convey how brute luck affects people’s future. How to discriminate legitimate parental partiality is based on Brighouse and Swift’s family relationship goods account, which has rendered a method to distinguish and has supported the viewpoint that legitimate parental partiality is a necessary condition that keeps family’s relationship and fulfills family’s worth. Except this, parental partiality should be banned or limited, and the nation should institute policies to alleviate the effect that has resulted from current parental partiality.

並列關鍵字

brute luck ； parental partiality ； luck egalitarianism ； gender

參考文獻

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吳秀瑾(2006)。關懷倫理的道德蘊涵: 詴論女性主義的道德知識生產與實踐。政大哲學學報 16: 107-162。張怡貞(1998)。國小男女學童知覺父母對其教育關注與期望調查。教育研究集刊 41 期。

Archard, D., & Benatar, D. (2010). Procreation and parenthood: The ethics of bearing and rearing children.

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父母偏愛之正當性與侷限性

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