應用於一維/二維陣列天線系統之新式非對稱波束合成器設計

Design of New Asymmetrical Beamformer Network for One/Two-Dimensional Phased Array Antenna

王昱傑(Yu-Chieh Wang)

指導教授 ： 張嘉展

國立中正大學/工學院/電機工程學系/碩士(2014年)

摘要

傳統切換式波束相位陣列天線，利用波束之切換來達到收發訊號，可有效降低多重路徑傳輸效應，並提升系統的實用性，然欲達更多相位狀態，波束合成電路的階數也必須提高，電路尺寸與控制電路複雜度也相對增加。故本論提出一新式非對稱架構(N×2N)之波束合成器，利用相位合成與切換相位的機制，可在一維空間中切換±14.5º、±48.6º四種波束方向，此波束合成器電路包含四個子電路：(1)正交耦合器、(2)威爾金森功率分配器、(3)鼠競耦合器、(4)0º/180º切換式相移器。本論文首先將電路實現於PCB板，在2.2-2.6 GHz頻段內輸出功率分布為7.9±2.1 dB，輸出相位差分別為39.2º± 5º、50º± 8º、-140.3º±10º、127.6º±11º。此電路亦利用CMOS製程, 亦利用TSMC CMOS 0.18-μm製程實現，分別設計2.4 GHz及24 GHz晶片，其平均插入損耗分別為6.4±3 dB及4.3±2 dB，而相差分佈各為132º±20º、-152º±7º、41.3º±5º、-48.3º±7º與126º±6º、-139º±0.5º、37º±10º、-49º±2º。將此波束合成電路配合4×4平面陣列天線，建構2.45 GHz二維陣列天線，可在空間中產生16個正交特徵波束, 並透過相鄰波束合成出另外9種波束，以增加相列天線在二維空間的解析度，量測天線增益14.5dBi至10.8dBi。相較傳統4階巴特拉矩陣波束合成器需要8組一維電路去建構二維架構，本系統只需6組一維電路即可完成，饋入開關網路亦可簡化，將可節省近25%之面積。

關鍵字

波束合成器

並列摘要

A traditional switched beamformer phase array was design which used beam switching to achieve transceiver signal, to reduce multi-path effects and to improve system availability. If want to more phase status, the order of the beamformer circuit must be increased, the circuit size and complexity of the control circuit is also relatively increased.
In this thesis, a asymmetric structure (N × 2N) of the beamformer, which used the technique of phase synthesis and switched shifter to generate ±14.5º、±48.6º four different switched beams in one-dimensional. The beamformer circuit includes four sub-circuit: (1) quadrature coupler, (2) Wilkinson power divider, (3) rat race coupler, (4) 0º / 180º switching phase shifter. First, the circuit implementation on the PCB board, in 2.2-2.6 GHz output power distribution is 7.9±2.1 dB, output phase difference were 39.2º±5º, 50º±8º, -140.3º±10º, 127.6º±11º. This circuit use CMOS process, also using TSMC CMOS 0.18-μm process implementation, were designed 2.4 GHz and 24 GHz chip, the average insertion loss was 6.4±3 dB and 4.3 ±2 dB, while the difference between the distribution of each 132º±20º , -152º±7º, 41.3º±5º, -48.3º±7º and 126º±6º, -139º±0.5º, 37º±10º, -49º±2º.
This beamformer with 4 × 4 array of 2.45 GHz planar antennas to construct a two-dimensional array antenna. It can generate 16 orthogonal characteristical beam and another nine kinds of beams were synthesized by adjacent beams, in order to increase the phase array antenna of resolution for two-dimensional space.
Measured of antenna gain were 14.5 dBi to 10.8 dBi. Compared to traditional four-order Butler matrix beamformer requires eight one-dimensional circuits to construct a two-dimensional structure, the system only need six circuits to complete a two-dimensional circuit. Feeding switched networks are also simplified will be able to save nearly 25 % of the area.

並列關鍵字

beamformer

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