卡其領犯罪白領特徵之研究－以貪污犯罪判決實證分析為例

The Research of White-Collar Features on Khaki-Collar Crime－An Empirical Analysis on Corruption Crime by Using Sentence Reports

劉育偉(Yu-Wei Liu)

指導教授 ： 許華孚

國立中正大學/教育學院/犯罪防治學系/博士(2015年)

摘要

1979年Bryant經由其著作：Khaki-Collar Crime: Deviant Behavior in the Military Context正式公開發表Khaki-Collar Crime（卡其領犯罪）一詞的產生，本文所稱之卡其領犯罪，謂軍人犯罪的代名詞。本文係以卡其領犯罪之貪污犯罪為例，依照判決書之架構，區分為人口、行為及訴訟特徵，藉由此三部分內之特徵變項，以「集群分析」將白領特徵以數學歸類方法，區分為四大類型，分別為：1.尊敬、2.信任、3.權勢及4.職務，藉以說明卡其領犯罪白領特徵之趨向；並藉由質性之半結構式深度訪談驗證卡其領犯罪之核心特徵。研究結果發現區分二部分說明：
一、量化研究結果發現：人口特徵、行為特徵、訴訟特徵，對貪污犯罪有顯著之關連性。經由人口、行為及訴訟特徵子變項的組合可分析貪污犯罪之高危險份子，將來進而實施預防，另人口、行為及訴訟特徵經由集群分析，可歸類為：尊敬、信任、權勢及職務等4大白領特徵類別，又人口、行為及訴訟特徵對於尊敬、信任、權勢及職務等4大白領特徵具有顯著之關連性，且貪污犯罪之白領特徵在不同人口、行為、訴訟特徵上有顯著差異。此外，藉由貪污犯罪人口、行為及訴訟特徵「加上」尊敬、信任、權勢及職務等4大白領特徵，突顯最後卡其領犯罪核心特徵的組合變化。
二、質性補充研究發現：質性訪談計取6位資深軍法官實施半結構式訪談，藉以印證並補充卡其領白領特徵－即尊敬、職務、權勢及信任4集群突顯對卡其領犯罪之影響及具有顯著之關連性，此部分可以藉由貪污犯罪之尊敬、信任、權勢及職務等4大白領特徵，歸納出最後卡其領犯罪之核心特徵為－「職務」。其可謂卡其領白領特徵之代表，為卡其領犯罪之核心特徵，另同時「職務」變項也是為一般白領犯罪特徵所無者。最後，本文藉由「執法」、「教育」及「預防」三個面向提出具體建議，積極塑造出一個符合軍事社會需要且保障人權之溫暖環境。

關鍵字

貪污 ； 白領犯罪 ； 白領特徵 ； 卡其領犯罪 ； 犯罪特徵

並列摘要

Bryant（1979） through his book: Khaki-Collar Crime: Deviant Behavior in the Military Context officially published Khaki-Collar Crime term. The paper referred to Khaki-Collar Crime, that synonymous with military crimes. This article in corruption crime of khaki collar crime , for example, according to the judgment of architecture, divided into demographic, behavioral characteristics and litigation, and by characteristics of the change in this three-part entry to the Cluster analysis will feature white-collar mathematical return class methods, divided into four types, namely: 1. respect , 2. trust, 3. power and 4. duty, so as to explain features of the khaki collar white-collar crime trends. Also, verify that the core features of khaki collar crime through the qualitative semi-structured in-depth interviews.
The results distinguish two parts found that：
First, the quantitative research found that: Through the verdict quantify the empirical analysis, the study found, demographic characteristics, behavioral characteristics, litigation characteristics of corruption crimes have phenomenal connection. Population through a combination of variables, behavior and characteristics of the sub-litigation can analyze high-risk elements of corruption crimes in the future and then implement prevention. The other demographic characteristics, behavioral characteristics and litigation characteristics via cluster analysis can be categorized as: respect, trust, power and duties. Demographic, behavioral and features of the litigation respect, trust, power and duties connected with a phenomenal, white-collar crime and corruption characterized by different demographic characteristics, behavioral characteristics, there are significant differences litigation feature. In addition, corruption and crime by demographic characteristics, behavioral traits and characteristics plus litigation respect, trust, power and duties, highlighting the final mix changes khaki collar crime is a core feature.
Second, the quality of the supplement was found: Interviews six senior Advocate Judge. This section confirms the khaki collar white collar features - respect, duty, power and influence of trust collar crime on khaki. Research findings indicate that, "respect", "trust", "power" and "duties" as a major white-collar features of khaki collar crime . Respect, trust, power and duties of the crime of corruption connected with a significant nature. This part can be summed khaki collar crime is a core feature of "duty", it can be said to be representative of white-collar Characteristics of khaki collar crime. In addition, the "duties" variables but also for the general characteristics of white-collar crime does not have a project.
Finally, specific proposals through the three points, "law enforcement", "education" and "prevention", actively shaping a line with the needs of society and the military to protect human rights of the warm environment.

並列關鍵字

corruption ； white-collar crime ； white-collar features ； khaki-collar crime ； crime characteristics

參考文獻

王兆鵬，2006，《刑事訴訟法講義》。臺北：元照。

周東平，2003，＜論受害人未覺察的犯罪－以白領犯罪為中心＞。《法令月刊》54（11）：50-55。

林莉婷，2005，＜女性白領犯罪之研究－以公司犯罪為例＞。《犯罪與刑事司法研究》4：119-166。

胡佳吟，2005，＜公務員貪污犯罪影響因素之研究＞。《犯罪與刑事司法研究》4： 41-82。

張春興，1989，《張氏心理學辭典》。臺北：東華。