日本高齡教育政策與實務之研究

The Study of Educational Policy and Practice of the Elderly in Japan

黃淑珍(Shu-Jen Huang)

指導教授 ： 黃富順

國立中正大學/教育學院/成人及繼續教育學系/博士(2015年)

摘要

本研究是以超高齡社會的日本，探討其在高齡教育的政策與實務的狀況。本研究的目的有五:1.了解日本高齡教育的發展背景；2.了解日本高齡教育政策的發展；3.了解日本高齡教育實務的發展；4.分析日本高齡教育的特色與提出省思之處；5.就研究所得，提出對台灣高齡教育的建議以供參考。
為達成本研究目的，先從巨觀角度，探討日本的整體環境與高齡政策與實務之間關係；其次，採取文件分析法，蒐集日本戰後至2015年6月止，有關日本高齡教育與實務相關的文獻、論著、報告、期刊論文及網頁等資料。分析日本在高齡政策與實務的脈絡、內容與現況。最後形成結論與建議。
經探究後，日本高齡教育在政策面的特色包括(1)高齡者是高齡教育政策的主體；(2)高齡教育政策與政治、經濟、社會、人口及教育的發展緊密結合；(3)高齡教育政策的觀點，從福利取向到教育取向；(4)日本將發展終身學習體制，視為國家政策的重要目標；(5)高齡學習的推動體制由中央主導逐漸轉移至地方自治體；(6)採公、私協力，政府與民間充分合作的模式；(7)經由學習建構「地緣」關係的高齡者守護系統；(8)高齡教育政策的目標在做好終身學習的規劃，以迎接百齡人生。
日本高齡教育在實務面的特色包括(1)高齡學習以創造高齡者生命意義為目的；(2)高齡者擔任教師或社區領導者，展現高齡人力的再利用；(3)結合社區與周邊學習資源，形成在地老化的學習型態；(4)政府、大學、民間機構群策群力，迎接終身學習時代；(5)自主學習團體已成高齡學習的新趨勢；(6)高齡學習朝向去限制化，且需使用者付費；(7)課程作系統性、長期性的規劃，培養高齡者具有專精的知能。

關鍵字

高齡教育實務 ； 高齡教育政策

並列摘要

This study explores the elderly educational policies and practice in Japan. The purpose of this study is to explore the features of elderly educational policies in Japan that may be used for developing elderly education in Taiwan. In order to achieve such purpose, the study first investigates the underlying background of elderly education in Japan, and then understands the implementation of elderly educational policies in Japan. After that, the study attains the understandings of development of the elderly educational practices in Japan. Finally, the author inducts various features of elderly educational policies in Japan with a systematical approach.
In order to achieve such goals, this study first examines the relationship between the context as a whole in Japan and that of their elderly education policies and practices from a macro perspective. Then, the author used content analysis to analyze the literature, reports, journal papers and website information about elderly education in Japan beginning post world war two till June of 2015. This study formed the conclusion and recommendation based on the analysis of context, content, and current condition of collected literature of elderly education in Japan.
Based on the analysis, the results in the elderly educational policies can be summarized in 8 main conclusions as following:1. The elderly are the main focus of the elderly education in Japan.2. The development of elderly education in Japan is highly associated with the development of politics, economic, society, population and education in Japan. 3. The transformation of elderly educational policies is switched from the perspective of welfare service to education.4. Japan is going to develop life-long learning system and regard it as one of the important goals of their national policies.5. The planning and elderly education policies in Japan are affected by nationwide and worldwide factors. 6. Adopt the collaborative model between government and the private.7. Constructing the elderly guard system by local district.
8. The goal of educational policy is to do program of lifelong learning to greet 100 year-old of happy lives.
The results in the elderly educational practice can be summarized in 7 main conclusions as following:1. The goal of elderly education is to recreate the life meaning of the elderly. 2. The elderly take on the positions of being teachers or community leaders to utilize the reuse of elderly human resources. 3. Combine the resources of the community and perimeter areas to form learning pattern of aging in places. 4.Adopt the collaborative model among government, university, civil organizations to welcome the era of life-long learning. 5.Self-directed learning groups have become the new trend of elderly learning. 6.The learning of the elderly toward to cancel the entrance restriction, and the learner need to pay the fees. 7.The curriculum makes systematic , long term program, training the elderly to own the professional knowledge.

並列關鍵字

the elderly educational practice ； the elderly educational policies

參考文獻

系列叢書，8，129-200。台北︰教育部。

詹明潔(2006)。日本終身學習政策發展與實施策略之研究。淡江大學教育政策與領導研究所碩士論文，台北縣。

魏瑜慧(2008)。台灣教育高齡學相關學位論文研究取向之分析。國立暨南國際大學成人與繼續教育研究所碩士論文，南投縣。

何文純(2013)。日本教育基本法「修正」之研究。國立台北教育大學教育學院教育經營與管理學系教育政策與管理博士論文，台北市。

楊志和（2013）。活躍?化高齡者學習特質之研究。國立中正大學成人及繼續教育學系博士論文，嘉義縣。