論懲罰性賠償金─以食安訴訟為例

盧銘緯(Ming-Wei Lu)

指導教授 ： 林德瑞

國立中正大學/法學院/財經法律學系/碩士(2015年)

摘要

懲罰性賠償金乃民法損害賠償之突破而得為超額賠償，其適用之界限尤應注意。本文以食安訴訟為開展，論述消保法與食安法之相關規範，與實務操作所衍生之各項爭議。
本文共分成五章，第一章，說明研究動機目的、文獻方法，以及範圍與架構；第二章，梗概懲罰性賠償金之基本意涵，且於美國、中國與臺灣法制之體現及牽涉之爭議；第三章，分述美國、中國與臺灣法關涉懲罰性賠償金成立之構成要件，及所生相關爭端；第四章，為本文論證之核心，採消保法第51條之架構，即「原告必須依消保法所提之消費訴訟」、「被告須存在故意、重大過失或過失」、「請求權人須證明自己受有損害存在」、「須有課處懲罰性賠償之必要性存在」，析探臺灣實務操作懲罰性賠償金之模式與所面臨之困境。並聚焦於食安訴訟與食安法相關規範之探究；第五章，則為結論，回顧食安訴訟關於懲罰性賠償金之適用，自程序至實體之各個面向，並提出修正方向之淺見，希冀於懲罰性賠償制度之法制面向有所裨益。

關鍵詞：懲罰性賠償、食安訴訟、慰撫金、消費者保護團體、團體訴訟、舉證責任

關鍵字

消費者保護團體 ； 慰撫金 ； 食安訴訟 ； 懲罰性賠償 ； 團體訴訟 ； 舉證責任

並列摘要

Punitive damages are a breakthrough of the civil law system adopting the compensatory principles for damages in civil code, and named excess franchise. Punitive damages should be noted particularly its limit of application. This article is beginning from litigation of food safety, and discuss the relevant norms between Consumer Protection Law and Act Governing Food Safety and Sanitation include the dispute with the practical operation.
This article is divided into five chapters. Chapter one is about research motivation, research purposes, literature method, and the range and structure. Chapter two is about the outline of the basic meaning of punitive damages, and the controversial of the Legal System in United State, China and Taiwan. Chapter three is about discussing the elements of punitive damages in United State, China and Taiwan, and its related controversy. Chapter four is the core of this article. This chapter adopt the structure of Consumer Protection Law § 51, that is, "the plaintiff must refer to the consumer litigation according to Consumer Protection Law ." "The defendant must exist intent, gross negligence or negligence." "Claimant must prove the existence of damage by themselves." "Punitive damages must be present to discipline.", and analyzing the pattern of punitive damages from the practical operation and facing the difficulties in Taiwan, then focusing on the relevant norms of litigation of food safety and Act Governing Food Safety and Sanitation. Chapter five is about conclusion which is recalling the litigation of food safety on punitive damages application, from procedures to individual-oriented entities, and proposing the direction of amendments. Hope this article can bring some benefits in the Legal System of punitive damages.

Key words: punitive damages, litigation of food safety, solatium, consumer protection groups, class action, burden of proof

並列關鍵字

class action ； consumer protection groups ； solatium ； litigation of food safety ； punitive damages ； burden of proof

參考文獻

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