- 學位論文
利用多成分水質分析研究人工濕地的地球化學系統
Study of Geochemical System in Constructed Wetland Using Multicomponent Hydrochemical Analysis
摘要
近年來對環保的重視增加，使我們對於人工濕地的認知已經有相當程度的了解，人工濕地是一個包含陸域生態和水域生態特性的淨化系統，運用物理、生物及化學機制去除水中汙染，具有提供生態棲息地、節省能源以及維護成本低廉等好處，因此在許多國家都有使用人工濕地來處理廢水。由於人工濕地的水質檢測以環保署檢測所規範為主，本實驗將藉由分析多種元素濃度，觀察濃度變化趨勢加上使用多變量分析來探討人工濕地中主要的化學反應。 本研究的人工濕地位於台灣桃園縣，屬表面流人工濕地，且入流水體為流經華亞科技園區、林口、龜山、南崁工業區等多處的南崁溪河水。南崁溪人工濕地共有10個反應池，本研究分別採取各個反應池的入流水體進行水質分析。大致而言，整個人工濕地水質在流經過第三反應池以及第八反應池有明顯變化。 淺層水水質分析結果經由主成分分析後可觀察到兩個主控主成分，分別可解釋52.09%(PC1)與30.05%(PC2)的資料變異量，在PC1中具高負載的成分包括Al、導電度及大部分的金屬元素，在PC2中具高負載的成分包括NH4+、Fe、Mn等；據此可研判主控PC1的為鋁水合物共沉澱以及吸附作用，而PC2則為氧化反應所控制。 另將原始資料投影至PC1與PC2後做圖，可以明顯地看出第三反應池為PC2的轉捩點，推測第三反應池具大量還原物質，使得第四池入流水跳離第一主控反應，第二主控反應介入後，還原態物質慢慢消耗並在第八池發生明顯的氧化反應。根據全部樣本的主成分分析以及稀土元素與北美頁岩正規化的結果推測還原態物質是來自於第三池的底泥中。 關鍵字：人工濕地；多成分水質分析；主成分分析；集群分析
並列摘要
People have recognized that the human activities lead to the degradation of the environment, and constructed wetland is one of the well-known technologies for wastewater treatment. Constructed wetland is a water treatment system which can remove the contaminants in water by using physical, biological and chemical mechanisms. It can achieve greater efficiency and energy-savings at lower costs; therefore, constructed wetlands become the major predominate technology for wastewater treatment. In this study, multiple chemical components were measured and were subsequently analyzed with multivariate analysis method for depicting the major chemical reactions in the studied constructed wetland. The studied constructed wetland is located in Taoyuan County, north Taiwan. It’s a horizontal surface flow constructed wetland composed of ten cells. The water in wetland was pumped from Nankan River, which is recharged by wastewater from Hwaya Technology Park and Industrial Zones of Linkou, Guishan and Nankan. The water of inflow and outflow from each cell were collected for the measurements of inorganic components with ICP-MS, IC and spectrophotometer. The hydrochemical results show that water quality had dramatically changed at the 3rd cells and gradually became stable in the following seven cells. The PCA results demonstrate that two major factors can be extracted from the hydrochemical result of shallow water analysis, which can respectively explain 52.09% (PC1) and 30.05% (PC2) of the total variance of water hydrochemical data. PC1 is characterized by high loadings of Al, conductivity, and most of trace heavy metals. It can be derived that PC1 is dominated by aluminum hydrate co-precipitation and adsorption. On the other hand, in the plot of PC1 vs PC2, the hydrochemistry of water mainly evolve along PC2 axis. PC2 is composed of Fe, Mn, NH4+, dissolved oxygen, pH with high loadings. These chemical components are predominately controlled by redox reactions. In addition, it is obvious that there is a large jump along PC2 in the 3rd cell. It is derived that there was a considerable amount of reducing substances recharging into the 3rd cell. After that, the reducing substances were gradually oxidized and were finally reduced to a very low level in 8th cell. Based on the results of all samples PCA and the rare earth elements, the reducing substances in 3rd cell may derive from the bottom sediments in the 3rd cell. Keywords: Constructed wetland; Multicomponent Hydrochemical Analysis; Principle component analysis; Cluster analysis
參考文獻
延伸閱讀
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