高齡者參與志願服務,宗教信念與身心靈健康關係之研究

摘要研究目的：台灣人口老化速度冠於全球，積極面對高齡社會所延伸的相關問題，尤其高齡人口的身心靈健康議題，尤顯重要。本研究目的一、高齡者志願服務與身心靈健康之關係；二、高齡者宗教信念與身心靈健康之關係；三、性別在志願服務對身心靈健康關係之調節效果；四、性別在宗教信念上對身心靈健康關係之調節效果；五、宗教信念在志願服務對身心靈健康關係之中介效果。研究方法：採問卷調查法，以高雄市非營利組織機構包含宗教團體、社福機構以及關懷據點等之65歲(含)以上高齡志工為研究母群體，依不同機構立意選取450位志工。回收423份問卷，剔除回答不完整之問卷後，共計有效問卷405份 (95.74%)。研究工具：自編結構式問卷，包含「志願服務」、「宗教信念」及「身心靈健康」三部分，問卷內容除經專家效度審定外，並以偏最小平方法Smart PLS3 統計軟體測量各題項之信效度及評估各構面的相互關係與整體理論模式適切性。研究結果：一、「志願服務」、「宗教信念」、「身心靈健康」組合信度CR值、Cronbach’s α值、AVE值及各構面之因素負荷量(Loading)，均有良好的信效度。二、分析檢驗各構面之路徑係數（path coefficient），達統計上的顯著性水準( p <0.001)。三、整體理論模式適切性評估：「志願服務」和「宗教信念」對於「身心靈健康」之R Square 0.718表示模式適切性良好，但「宗教信念」影響力大於「志願服務」。「宗教信念」在「志願服務」與「身心靈健康」關係之中顯示有部分中介效果。研究結論：「志願服務」與「宗教信念」對「身心靈健康」均有顯著性之預測力，但「宗教信念」比「志願服務」顯著影響力較強;「宗教信念」在「志願服務」對「身心靈健康」，呈現部分中介效果有顯著影響力。性別在「志願服務」上，沒有顯著調節效果，但在「宗教信念」上調節效果呈現顯著性。

關鍵字

高齡者；志願服務；宗教信念；身心靈健康

並列摘要

Abstract Supervisor : Dr. Pai-Lin Lee By : Shu-Chen Lee Objectives:Taiwan has a population whose aging rate is second to none in the world. Thus,it is important to address the problems arising from, and related to, an agedsociety in a proactive way, particularly the physical and mental health issuesof the elderly population. This study aims at understanding: 1. Therelationship between seniors’ volunteering service and their physical andmental health; 2. The relationship between seniors’ religious faith and theirphysical and mental health; 3. The moderation effect of sex on the relationshipbetween volunteering service and physical and mental health; 4. The moderationeffect of sex on the relationship between religious faith and physical andmental health; and 5. The mediation effect of religious faith on therelationship between volunteering service and physical and mental health. Researchmethod: A questionnaire survey was conducted, with senior volunteers aged65 or above in Kaohsiung City’s non-profit organizations, including religiousorganizations, social welfare institutions, and care centers, as the targetpopulation of the study. 450 volunteers were selected through purposivesampling from different organizations. 423 responses were collected, with 405(95.74%) valid responses after excluding incompletely answered questionnaires. Researchinstrument: A self-developed structured questionnaire was used, consistingof three parts: “volunteering service”, “religious faith”, and “physical andmental health”. The questionnaire contents were not only assessed by expertsfor validity, but the partial least square method (Smart PLS3) was also used totest the reliability of all the items, as well as to assess the correlation ofdifferent dimensions and the overall theoretical model relevance. Researchresults: 1. Composite reliability(CR) value, Cronbach’s α value,AVE value, and factor loadingsof various dimensions for combinations of “volunteering service”, “religiousfaith”, and “physical and mental health” all show good levels of validity andreliability. 2. Path coefficients for the analysis of various dimensions have reachedthe statistically significant level (p <0.001). 3. Assessment of the overalltheoretical model relevance: R Square for “volunteering service” and “religious faith” on “physical and mentalhealth” is 0.718, signifying good model relevance, but “religious faith” has agreater influence than “volunteering service”. It is shown that “religiousfaith” has a partial mediation effect on the relationship between “volunteeringservice” and “physical and mental health”. Conclusions: Both “volunteeringservice” and “religious faith” have significant predictive power on “physicaland mental health”, but “religious faith” has significantly stronger influencethan “volunteering service”. Also, “religious faith” shows a significant partialmediation effect on the relationship between “volunteering service” and“physical and mental health”. Sex has no significant moderation effect on“volunteering service”, but its moderation effect on “religious faith” showssignificance. Keywords: seniors,volunteering service, religious faith, physical and mental health