原鄉部落推動地方創生與生態旅遊之研究－以苗栗縣南庄鄉賽夏族巴卡山部落為例

臺灣原鄉地區普遍面臨產業沒落、人口流失以及文化凋零等危機，許多部落期望透過生態旅遊的發展，達成部落創生、文化振興之目的。本研究區域為苗栗縣南庄鄉之賽夏族部落—巴卡山，同樣面臨上述之發展危機，屬於地方創生優先推動區域。2018年巴卡山部落與林務局共同簽訂夥伴關係，並在次年成立原住民暨勞動合作社，在林務局的協同下逐漸發展林下經濟與生態旅遊產業，此亦成為部落推展地方創生之契機。　　本研究擬將地方創生與生態旅遊之發展概念加以結合，透過「環境資源」、「社區參與」、「經營管理」以及「教育推廣」等四項影響因子，以深度訪談、參與觀察以及田野調查等方式，分析巴卡山部落發展生態旅遊與地方創生之優勢、劣勢、機會及威脅，並根據分析結果進一步提出具體行動策略與發展模式。　　根據SWOT分析之結果，本研究提出以下具體行動策略，以供巴卡山部落未來發展之參考：（1）合作社建立扶持機制協助青年返鄉；（2）擴大合作社經營項目以掌控地方發展主導權；（3）結合教育推廣讓下一代認識地方產業與未來發展；（4）鼓勵青年透過兼職方式返鄉；（5）建立在地輔導團隊落實地方創生。　　為使巴卡山部落之地方創生更為系統化，本研究係將部落之地方創生推動模式分為兩階段：第一階段，部落應以歷史文化、自然資源以及林下經濟做為地方創生之DNA，透過合作社企業化的經營模式結合賽夏族共享互助的價值觀，凝聚發展意識，並以文化振復與生態保育為目標，朝向「國際里山，賽夏部落」的願景發展；第二階段，則可根據上述之行動策略與第一階段建立之基礎，進行地方創生事業提案設計，採由下而上的方式推動部落之地方創生。

關鍵字

地方創生；生態旅遊；賽夏族

並列摘要

The indigenous areas in Taiwan are generally faced with crises about industry decline, population loss, and cultural decline. Many indigenous communities hope can achieve the purpose of regional and cultural revitalization through the development of eco-tourism. The study area in this study is in Pakasan, a SaySiyat indigenous tribe in Nanzhuang, Miaoli County, Taiwan. The Pakasan is the priority promotion area of Regional Revitalization, also faces the developing crisis above. In 2018, the Pakasan and the Forestry Bureau, Council of Agriculture(COA), Executive Yuan Taiwan signed a partnership and established a cooperative society in the next year. With the cooperation of the Forestry Bureau, the under-forest economy and eco-tourism are gradually developed. To Pakasan, it brought an opportunity to promote Regional Revitalization. This study combined regional revitalization and the concept of eco-tourism development to focus on the four impact factors: "environmental resources", "community participation", "management", and "education promotion". Collecting data via in-depth interviews, participant observation, and field research, then the SWOT analysis used to realize the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of the development of the Pakasan's Regional Revitalization and eco-tourism development, and finally proposed strategies and development models based on the analysis results. The following strategies for the future development of the Pakasan based on the results of the SWOT analysis are: (1) To establish a support mechanism by Cooperative Society to assist the youth returning hometown; (2) To expand the Cooperative Society’s business projects to control the local development leadership; (3) Through education promotion to let the people of next-generation understand the local industry and future development; (4) To encourage young people to come back to work at hometown as their second job; (5) To establish a local counseling team to implement Regional Revitalization. To make the regional revitalization of the Pakasan more systematic, the two stages of promotion of the Regional Revitalization developed. In the first stage, the Pakasan should take history, culture, natural resources, and the under-forest economy as the DNA of Regional Revitalization, and build the awareness of development by combining "cooperative management" and the "SaySiyat's values of sharing and mutual assistance", going toward the vision of "International Satoyama". The second stage is based on the first stage, designing the Regional Revitalization proposal, to adopt a bottom-up approach to promote the regional revitalization of the Pakasan.