遮光及環刻處理對蓮霧開花和碳氮比之影響

Influence of Shading and Girdling on Flowering and C/N ratio in Wax apple(Syzygium samarangense Merr. et Perry)

蔡美芳(Mei-Fang Tsai)

指導教授 ： 柯立祥

國立屏東科技大學/農學院/農園生產系所/碩士(2008年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST.2008.00008

摘要

為探討蓮霧(Syzygium samarangense Merr. et Perry)採收後遮光和環刻處理對於樹體碳氮含量之變化，以瞭解蓮霧開花與碳、氮及碳氮比(C/N ratio)之關係。重度修剪結果顯示，遮光處理期間，基梢及中段梢的葉片與枝條總可溶性糖含量先呈下降趨勢，之後轉為微幅波動，而葉片澱粉含量則隨季節逐漸降低，枝條之澱粉含量則有增加趨勢，且梢基枝條在8月10日又轉為下降。在頂梢葉片與枝條之總可溶性糖與澱粉含量呈微幅波動。在未遮光處理部分，基梢及中段梢的葉片的總可溶性糖含量是隨季節逐漸增加，澱粉含量變化則趨於平緩，但枝條與葉片趨勢相反。頂梢葉片與枝條之澱粉含量隨季節逐漸增加，然而總可溶性糖含量變化則趨於平緩。因此，蓮霧於遮光處理期間，葉片及枝條的碳水化合物顯著較未遮光處理低，但在環刻處理間並未達顯著差異。然而，不同梢段枝條與葉片經遮光處理之氮含量會先增加，之後隨季節逐漸下降，但枝條之氮含量則在8月10日後逐漸增加，並以遮光處理的氮含量較未遮光處理高。樹皮氮含量略低於未遮光處理者，且差異不顯著。在營養生長期間，環刻對於碳水化合物與氮含量影響較遮光處理小。在遮光處理期間，不同梢段葉片的碳(非結構性碳水化合物)氮比(TNC/N ratio)會逐漸下降，並於7月12日後趨於平緩，但未遮光處理則隨季節逐漸增加，並且以未遮光處理顯著較遮光處理高，然而碳氮比(C/N ratio)則是隨季節而逐漸增加。在枝條的TNC/N比和C/N比會先呈下降之趨勢，之後逐漸增加至8月10日後，且在此時，遮光處理已有少數花序出現，但之後又轉為下降。中度修剪結果顯示，遮光處理期間，不同部位組織的碳水化合物
含量(總可溶性糖與澱粉)均呈下降趨勢，但綠枝、老葉及幼葉於遮光結束後，碳水化合物逐漸增加，且遮光處理的碳水化合物含量顯著較未遮光處理低。樹冠上層熟枝與半熟枝碳水化合物在遮光處理結束時，顯著較下層低。熟枝與半熟枝經遮光處理期間，全碳含量先呈增加趨勢，之後轉為下降，而老葉及幼葉則呈逐漸下降。在氮含量部分，熟枝與半熟枝於遮光處理期間，先呈遞減情形，之後逐漸增加，且高於未遮光處理。綠枝及幼葉的氮含量經遮光處理期間，均以遮光處理顯著高於未遮光處理，而老葉則差異不顯著。不同部位組織的C/N比與氮含量趨勢相反，而TNC/N比則與澱粉含量有相同趨勢。
蓮霧經催花處理後，重度修剪之結果枝葉片，以環刻者有較高的總可溶性糖、澱粉、TNC/N比及C/N比，且環刻顯著高於未環刻。在重度修剪與中度修剪中，遮光處理則是有較高的澱粉含量，結果枝之葉片氮含量以遮光較未遮光高，且遮光處理之TNC/N比顯著高於未遮光處理，但C/N比則較未遮光處理低。催花後，遮光處理之花數較未遮光處理多。由此可知，遮光處理可以提高催花率，然而，環刻對於催花率的影響較為不明顯。

關鍵字

蓮霧 ； 遮光 ； 環刻 ； 碳氮比 ； 氮 ； 澱粉

並列摘要

The objectives of this study were to investigate the change of carbon and nitrogen content on shade and girdling treatments of wax apple (Syzygium samarangense Merr. et Perry) and to understand the relationship among the flowering of wax apple with carbon, nitrogen and the carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N ratio). Under heavy purning condition total soluble sugar content of the wax apple base shoot and mid-shoot in leaves and branches were decreased durning shading treatment. Afterward it showed sight fluctuation pattern. But the leaf starch content gradually reduced with seasons.The content of starch in the branch showed increased tendency, and the branch of base shoot reduced after August 10. In terminal leaves and branch, total soluble sugar and starch content also showed slight fluctuation. Under unshading treatment, total soluble sugar content in leaves of the base shoot and min-shoot gradually increased with season, but starch content was not affected, and the tendency in branch and leaves are opposite. In terminal leaves and branch, starch content is gradually increased with season, but total soluble sugar content flattened out. Therefore, wax apple under shading period, carbohydrate content in shading leaves and branches were significantly lower than unshading, but carbohydrate content of girdling treatment were not significantly different. Nitrogen content in shading branches and leaves from
different parts of the tree will first increase, and then decreased gradually with season, but nitrogen content in branches increased gradually after August 10. Therefore, wax apple during shading period, nitrogen content in shading leaves and branches were higher than unshading. Nitrogen content in the bark was slightly lower than unshading but not significant. During the vegetative period, the influence of carbohydrate and nitrogen content were smaller under girdling treatment as compared to shading treatment. After shading treatment, ratio of total nonstructural carbohydrate to nitrogen (TNC/N ratio) in leaves from different parts of the tree gradually reduced, and the fluctuation was smaller after August 10. But, in unshading treatment it increased gradually with season. Therefore, for unshading treatment the TNC/N ratio was higher than shading treatment. In addition, the ratio of carbon to nitrogen (C/N ratio) in unshading and shading treatment both increased with season. In the beginning the TNC/N ratio and C/N ratio in branches gradually reduced with season, however after ward it was gradually increase to August 10. And, in this moment few inflorescence appeared under shade treatment, but then again drop in August 10. The result of moderate pruning showed that carbohydrate content (total soluble sugar and starch) in tissues from different parts of the tree under shade treatment were both decreased. However, after shading ended, these contents in the greenwood, old and young leaves increased gradually. Carbohydrate content in unshading treatment was lower than shading treatment. After shading, carbohydrate content in upper level canopy of mature and semi-mature wood were lower than lower level canopy. The mature and semi-mature wood after shading treatment first showed slightly increase in total carbon content, then decreased. But in mature and young leaves it decreased with season gradually. After shading treatment, nitrogen content in mature and semi-mature wood both gradually decreased, but still remained higher than unshading treatment. In addition, under shading, the nitrogen content in greenwood and young leaves both were significantly higher than unshading, but the content in mature leaves were not significantly different. The trend of C/N ratio and nitrogen content changes are opposite, but TNC/N ratio and starch content were the same in different parts of organs.
After flower forcing of wax apple, when under heavy pruning the result showed that total soluble sugar and starch content, TNC/N and C/N ratio were significantly higher in girdling than ungirdling treatment. In heavy and moderate pruning, shading treatments significantly resulted in higher starch content, nitrogen concentration in leaves of bearing shoots and TNC/N ratio, but lower of C/N ratio than unshading. After flower forcing treatment, more number of inflorescence under shading was observed as compare to unshading. Therefore, the shading treatment enhanced flowering rate, however, the influence of girdling treatment on flower forcing rate was not obvious.

並列關鍵字

wax apple ； shading ； girdling ； C/N ratio ； nitrogen ； starch

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