- 學位論文
技職學校化學實習課程內涵與實驗室廢液特性之關聯性研究
Study on the Relationships between the Characters of LaboratoryWastewater and the Contents of Chemical- Experimental Courses in Two Technical Schools
摘要
根據環保署95年5月30日所修正公佈的廢棄物清理法，指出學校實驗室為一事業單位，則實驗室所產生的廢棄物必須要依照「事業廢棄物管理」的相關法規來辦理，並將學校廢棄物分類規劃為：一、校園垃圾(含教室垃圾、學生宿舍垃圾、環境清理垃圾、公共區域垃圾、辦公室垃圾)。二、實驗室廢棄物。三、其他類廢棄物(含廢器材、營建廢物、生活污水及ㄧ般污泥)三類。本研究選擇國立屏東科技大學及國立屏東高級工業職業學校化學學生實習課實驗廢棄物的產生量與實驗課程內容的相關性，由結果得知(以屏科大為例)造成實驗室廢液數量的主要來源的前三名實驗為普化實驗:溶液的配製、反應熱的測定及定組成定律；有機實驗:萃取、苯及醇以及分析實驗:氧化還原-0.1N KMnO4 配製及標定、碘沉澱滴定法-水中餘氯分析(Mohr法)、碘滴定法-0.1M Na2S2O3配製及標定，而(以屏東高工為例)造成實驗室廢液數量前三名實驗為普化實驗:膠體溶液的性質與凝析作用、氧與二氧化碳的製備與性質及反應速率測定；有機實驗:萃取、鹵烷類的製備及反應、炔類的製備及反應及分析實驗:可溶性氯化物中氯的含量測定、鉀明礬中鋁的含量測定、第四、五屬陰離子之分離與檢驗，以上實驗項目是產生廢液量最多的實驗。 建議未來可藉由改善實驗項目的內容，（以屏科大為例）以減少實驗廢液的產生量分別為普化實驗可減少43.21 ％ 的廢液；有機實驗可減少 32.20 ％ 的廢液；分析實驗可減少 35.54 ％的廢液。（以屏東高工—化工科為例）而改善實驗項目的內容，以減少實驗廢液的產生量分別為普化實驗可減少32.06 ％ 的廢液；有機實驗可減少 43.82 ％ 的廢液；分析實驗可減少 33.83 ％的廢液以降低廢液處理費用為目的。 未來如果全國大專院校及高中、職學校都可以利用降低藥品使用量、改變分組人數、改變實驗流程或示範教學來取代原先實驗的項目內容將可以有效減少廢液量的產生，每年約可減少752 噸的廢液量。
並列摘要
According to the Waste Treatment Act, which was amended and announced by the Environmental Protection Administration on May 30, 1996, is indicated that because a laboratory in a school is considered a business unit, the waste produced by school laboratory should be treated as one of Industrial Wastes. Besides, the waste in schools should be categorized as: (1) Campus wastes, including waste in classrooms, waste in dormitories, environment-cleaning waste, waste in public areas, and waste in offices; (2) Laboratory Waste; (3) Other Wastes, including waste equipments, construction waste, domestic waste water, and normal sludge. This thesis is mainly focused on the relationship between the production quantity of laboratory waste and the content of chemicals experiment classes in chemistry laboratory class at a chosen National Pingtung University of Science and Technology and a National Pingtung Senior Industrial Vocational School. The results indicated that the major amount of wastewater source in laboratories at National Pingtung University of Science and Technology came from: space (1) General chemistry experiment course, space especially from the terms of solution preparation, heat of reaction determination, and law of definite proportions;(2) Organic chemistry experiment course, in terms of the extraction of benzene and alcohol;(3) Analytic experiment course, such as redox- 0.1N KMnO4 preparation and calibration, precipitation titration of iodine- analysis of residual chlorine in water (Mohr’s Law), titration of iodine- 0.1M Na2S2O3 preparation and calibration. On the other hand, the result also indicated that the major sources of wastewater amount in laboratories at National Pingtung Senior Industrial Vocational School came from:(1) General chemistry experiment course, especially for the terms of the property and condensation of colloidal solution, the preparation and property of oxygen and carbon dioxide (CO2), and reaction rate determination;(2) Organic chemistry experiment course, space in terms of extraction, preparation and reaction of n-type halogen, and preparation and reaction of acetylene-type;(3) Analytic experiment, including content determination of chlorine in soluble chloride, content determination of aluminum in potassium alum, and separation and examination of anions of the fourth and fifth groups. The above experiment items are those which produced the highest level of wastewater. Taking National Pingtung University of Science and Technology as an example. By using the modified content of experiment items which was suggested to reduce the production amount of experimental wastewater of General chemistry experiment to be 43.21% ; 32.2% for Organic chemistry experiment ; and 35.54% for Analytic experiment. As for Department of Chemical Technology at National Pingtung Senior Industrial Vocational School, by using the improved content of experiment items which was suggested to reduce the production amount of experimental wastewater, space 32.1% for General chemistry experiment can be reduced wastewater; it was 43.82% for Organic chemistry experiment ; spaceand 33.83% for Analytic experiment . The purpose of this thesis is to reduce the cost of waste treatment. If all the colleges, universities, senior high schools, and vocational high schools in Taiwan can replace the original content of experiment items as our proposed content by reducing the usage amount of chemicals medicine, changing the numbers of groups, changing experiment procedures, and demonstrating in the future, it will reduce the generation amount of experimental wastewater effectively, there will be about 752 ton per year.