回收底渣做為替代建材之可行性研究

Feasibility of Using Incinerator Bottom Ash as Construction Material

郭孟臻(Meng-Jhen Kou)

指導教授 ： 薩支高

國立屏東科技大學/工學院/環境工程與科學系所/碩士(2008年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST.2008.00206

摘要

國內廢棄物焚化處理率高，焚化底渣產量也高，此處理方式仍需以掩埋為最終處置。若能將焚化底渣再生利用作為混凝土骨材，不但可減輕掩埋場之負擔，亦可彌補目前國內骨材短缺之問題。因此本研究以焚化底渣有效資源化利用為目的，以期為焚化底渣處理提供一良好的解決途徑。
本研究試驗項目包括垃圾焚化底渣之基本物理性質、重金屬溶出試驗、水洗試驗與單軸抗壓強度等。結果顯示底渣為一多孔性的材質，與天然砂石相比有較高之吸水率。經過篩分之後的粗(>19mm)、細(<4.75mm)骨材與原物料的氯鹽含量上具有很大的差異。經水洗後以粗骨材所得到氯鹽去除率較高，預估可達到法規標準。重金屬全量分析發現以鉛、鋅及銅三者含量較多，但是毒性特性溶出及多重毒性特性溶出結果則顯示底渣為一般事業廢棄物且在環境中穩定，其重金屬溶出累積量對環境危害性不大。抗壓強度試驗結果發現，以水灰比0.38粗細骨材混合取代為30％砂石時，可以得到最大之抗壓強度，但是在單一粗細骨材取代時，以10％粗骨材和細骨材抗壓強度最好。而在水灰比0.53時則以粗細骨材混合取代量10％可以得到最大抗壓強度，相較於單一粗細骨材取代試驗，以混合粗細骨材使用可得到較大之強度。本研究成果初步證實垃圾焚化底渣應用於建材上的可行性，可以協助解決台灣天然砂石不足及焚化灰渣掩埋之問題。

關鍵字

焚化底渣 ； 重金屬 ； 單軸抗壓強度 ； 氯鹽

並列摘要

The amount of incinerator bottom ash generation is huge due to the high incinerating rate in Taiwan. We still need a large landfill area for its final treatment. If the waste can be recycled as concrete sandstone, it not only reduces the need of landfill site but also save the natural resource. The objective of study is to investigate the feasibility of recycling incinerator bottom ash as material of sandstone replacement.
The experiments contain basic physical characteristic of bottom ash, heavy metal leaching, water-washing pretreatment and axis compressive strength. The results showed the bottom ash have high water absorption ratio than natural sandstone. They have high variety of chloride content between coarse aggregate (>19mm), fine aggregate (<4.75mm) and raw material after water sieving. Coarse aggregate parts are expected to meet the national regulation after multi-water washing process. Results of leaching test indicated the concentration of zinc, copper and lead are high in sieved or unsieved part of bottom ash. However, the toxicity characteristic leaching procedures and multi-toxicity characteristic leaching procedures’ data showed they are general industrial waste and stable in the environment. Axis compressive strength indicated when water/cement is 0.38, the set of 30% replacement (70% of sand and 30% of mixed coarse and fine aggregate) has the highest compressive strength, and following is the 10% fine aggregate replacement set. When water/cement is 0.53, the set of 10% replacement (90% of sand and 10% of mixed coarse and fine aggregate) had high compressive strength. We conclude that using the incinerator bottom ash as construction material is possible in limited condition and that might improve the insufficient of sandstone resource and landfill need.

並列關鍵字

incinerator bottom ash ； heavy metal ； anxi compressive strength ； chloride

參考文獻

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