- 學位論文
不同前處理在農業廢棄物纖維素酵素水解之探討-以鳳梨葉纖維素為例
Different Pretreatment of Agricultural Waste in the Hydrolsis of Cellulose Enzyms – An example of Pinapple Leaf Cellulose
摘要
台灣農業廢棄物年產量約有500萬公噸[6]，大量農業廢棄物對環境是一大衝擊。目前農民對於這些廢棄物處理方式依舊採用傳統掩埋或燃燒為主。從這日益增加的農業廢物開發解決方案是必然，若能將這些農業廢棄物轉換成可利用資源可減少廢棄物亦可提升農業廢棄物資源化再利用。以生物技術在農業廢棄物上應用相當廣泛，最常見技術是以化學前處理法能夠快速將木質纖維中可利用糖類溶出，以便於利用，大大提升農業廢棄物能源再生。 本研究主要以屏東地區常見農業廢棄物（鳳梨葉、稻桿、香蕉桿及蔗渣）做為原料，利用濃酸、稀硫酸及氫氧化鈉，做為催化劑先找出最佳原料。實驗方法利用濃酸則以72％之濃硫酸於溫度30℃水解2小時，再以121℃進行高溫水解。稀酸及稀鹼則於不同溫度（60、90及120 ℃），不同濃度（0.5、1及1.5M）及不同處理時間（20、40及60 分鐘）條件下進行前處理，分析前處理後水解液中還原醣之濃度。 研究結果顯示在濃酸水解部分以空白組及實驗組對照，顯示有添加濃酸平均水還原糖溶出達3mg/mL以上而無添加濃酸平均介於1mg或低於1mg，而在H2SO4前處理溫度和時間及催化劑濃度隨這溫度及濃度提高還原糖濃度漸漸增加，在1及1.5M前處理溫度90及120℃時前處理液還原糖含量較高分別達13.2及13.1mg。鹼則無顯著差異。經過1M NaOH在前處理溫度90℃、時間60分鐘之下還原糖較高。在後續酵素水解針對鳳梨葉纖維素平均以NaOH前處理濃度1.5M處理轉換率最高平均可達12％以上。H2SO4前處理對後續酵素水解則有稍微提升水解效果但平均轉換率都在7.8％左右。
並列摘要
Taiwan's agricultural waste about 5 million tonnes of annual output, a huge number of agricultural wastes make a great impact to the environment. At present, farmers still use the traditional burial or burning as waste disposal method. It’s necessary to create a new solution for the increasing agricultural waste. If these agricultural wastes can be transformed into resources, it will not only reduce the agricultural waste but also generate the new resources. Biotechnology can be used in a wide area on agriculture waste. The most common method is chemical pretreatment method, it can the reducing sugars from the wood fiber quickly, besides it makes a great enhancement to the renewable energy of agricultural waste. In this study, it use the common agricultural waste（Pineapple leaves, rice-and-banana, bagasse）from Pingtung areas as raw materials. Sulfuric acid and alkali uas catalyst. Concentrated sulphuric acid to 72 percent and hydrolyze it at 30 ℃ for two hours, and then hydrolyze it at 121℃. Do the pre-processing to the dilute acid and alkali at different temperatures (60, 90,120℃), different concentrations (0.5, 1, 1.5 M) and different processing time (20, 40, 60 min) then analysis the percentage of reducing sugar from it. The results showed after compared the control group (CG) and experimental group (EG), it generates more than 3mg reducing suger in EG and only less than 1 mg or 1 mg in control group, Acid hydrolysis in the pre-treatment temperature and time and concentration, with the temperature and the concentration of reducing sugar concentration gradually increased, in 1 M and 1.5 M. before the temperature 90 and 120 pre-treatment at reducing sugar produced 13.2 mg and 13.1 mg No significant differences to alkaline. After 1 M. before the temperature at 90℃, 60 min time reducing sugar under the dissolution rate higher. Hydrolysis enzymes in the alkali treatment to deal with concentrations of 1.5 M up to the highest average conversion rate of over 12 percent. In pre-treatment in the enzyme acid hydrolysis results were slightly raise the average conversion rate of around 7.8% in.