利用生理和花粉參數進行非洲菫商業品種之耐高溫篩選

Screening commercial African violet cultivars for high temperature tolerance using physiological and pollen parameters

涂如愛(To Nhhu Ai)

指導教授 ： 方中宜

國立屏東科技大學/國際學院/熱帶農業暨國際合作系/碩士(2013年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST.2013.00035

摘要

摘要
學號: M9922018
論文名稱:利用生理和花粉參數進行非洲菫商業品種之耐高溫篩選
總頁數: 105頁
學校名稱: 國立屏東科技大學 系(所)別: 熱帶農業暨國際合作系
畢業時間: 2013年1月18日 論文別: 碩士
研究生: 涂如愛 指導教授: 方中宜

論文摘要內容:
由於溫室氣體排放量不斷的攀升，未來氣溫的升高無可避免，因此持續性的篩選與培育耐熱性品種對於植物種源的永續經營是非常重要的。為此，鑑定出耐熱性高個體來培育含抗熱特性的品種是基本的課題。本研究利用一系列的生理和花粉參數進行30種市售非洲菫品種耐熱性評估以求鑑定出高耐熱性品種。測試的生理參數包括利用完全展開的葉片來進行細胞膜的熱穩定性（CMT）、冠溫差（CTD）和葉綠素的穩定性指數（CSI）；而測試的花粉參數則在10至40℃之間的溫度範圍內測量花粉發芽率(PG)和花粉管長度(PTL)，並使用修改過的雙線性模型估算主要溫度(Tmin, Topt, 和 Tmax)下之花粉發芽率和花粉管長度、最高花粉發芽百分比（PGmax）及最大花粉管長度（PTLmax）。實驗結果顯示各品種間的CMT、CTD和CSI值差異大:CMT平均介於5.39 至74.07%之間、CTD溫度平均介於攝氏-1.65至 0.61度之間、而CSI 值平均介於70.16 至 81.06%之間。另外，品種間的PG（平均值為54.43％）、PTL（平均值為3109.08μm）和主要溫度(PG之Tmin = -4.63，Topt = 24.90 和 Tmax = 49.93oC ；PTL之Tmin = 3.38，Topt = 25.98 和 Tmax = 43.11oC)也差異頗大。接而利用各生理和花粉參數來計算每個品種的獨立逆境反應(ISRI)[CMT、CTD、CSI、PGmax, PTLmax、PGmax、PTLmax，以及PG和PTL之最大溫度（Tmax）、最小溫度（Tmin）和理想溫度（Topt）的溫度]，並進而推算累積溫度反應指數(CTRI):當CTRI值高於5.8時，該品種被視為耐熱性高品種；當CTRI值介於3.8 及5.8之間時，該品種被視為中耐熱性品種，而當CTRI值低於3.8時，該品種則被視為低耐熱性品種。以此推算，本研究共鑒定出14個耐熱性高、11個耐熱性中等及5個耐熱性低之非洲菫品種。未來可持續使用生理及花粉參數的組合來篩選出更多高耐熱性之非洲菫品種以育成新耐熱品系用。

關鍵詞：耐熱性、細胞膜的熱穩定性、冠溫差、非洲菫、花粉發芽、花粉管長度、獨立逆境反應、累積溫度反應。

關鍵字

耐熱性 ； 細胞膜的熱穩定性 ； 冠溫差 ； 非洲菫 ； 花粉發芽 ； 花粉管長度 ； 獨立逆境反應 ； 累積溫度反應

並列摘要

Abstract

Student ID: 9922018

Title of Thesis: Screening commercial African violet cultivars for high temperature tolerance using physiological and pollen parameters
Total Pages: 105
Name of Institute: Department of Tropical Agriculture and International Cooperation, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology
Graduate Date: January 18, 2013 Degree Conferred: Master Degree
Name of Student: To, Nhu Ai Advisor: Fang Jong-Yi
The Contents of Abstract in This Thesis:
The increase of temperature may be inevitable in the future because of rising greenhouse gases emission into the air. Continuous search and/or breeding of heat tolerant cultivars will be important for the sustainability of plant germplasm. For this, it is essential to identify heat tolerant germplasms in order to incorporate them into breeding programs for the creation of cultivars which contain heat tolerant traits. Hence, this study was conducted with the objective to screen and identify for heat tolerant cultivars among thirty commercial African violet entries. The evaluation of heat tolerance in African violets will be conducted by studying both physiological and pollen parameters under different temperature treatments. Cell membrane thermo-stability (CMT) and canopy temperature depression (CTD) and chlorophyll stability index (CSI) were determined using fully expanded leaves. In vitro pollen germination percentage and pollen tube length were estimated at a temperature range between 10 and 40oC. Cardinal temperatures (Tmin, Topt, and Tmax) of pollen germination (PG) and pollen tube length (PTL) as well as maximum pollen germination percentage (PGmax) and maximum pollen tube length (PTLmax) were estimated by using the modified bilinear model. Results showed that the different cultivars differed in terms of the three physiological parameters. Results showed that the different cultivars differed in terms of the three physiological parameters. The values of cell membrane thermostability (CMT), canopy temperature depression (CTD) and chlorophyll stability index (CSI) ranged between 5.39 to 74.07%, -1.65 to 0.61oC, and 70.16 to 81.06%, respectively. They also varied significantly for pollen germination percentage (PG) (mean of 54.43%), pollen tube length (PTL) (mean of 3109.08µm), cardinal temperatures (Tmin = -4.63, Topt = 24.90 and Tmax = 49.93oC for PG; and Tmin = 3.38, Topt = 25.98, and Tmax = 43.11oC for PTL). Based on cumulative temperature response index (CTRI), the 30 African violet cultivars were classified into three groups. The cultivars were considered as heat-tolerant when their CTRI was higher than 5.8, intermediate when their CTRI ranged from 3.8-5.8, and heat-sensitive cultivars when their CTRI was lower than 3.8. In total, 14 cultivars were classified as heat tolerant, 11 as intermediate and 5 as heat sensitive cultivars. Continuous use of the combination of pollen and physiological parameters would allow more heat tolerant cultivars of African violets to be identified and new heat tolerant lines to be produced.

Keywords: heat tolerance, cell membrane thermostability, canopy temperature depression, chlorophyll stability index, African violet, pollen germination, pollen tube length, individual stress-response index, cumulative temperature response index.

並列關鍵字

heat tolerance ； Africqn volet ； pollen germination ； pollen tube length ； cell membrane thermostability ； canopy temperature depression ； HASH(0xe5e3be0) ； HASH(0xe5e3c80)

參考文獻

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