不同環境溫度、蛋白質、色胺酸、甲硫胺酸及維生素B6對肉雞生長成績及屠體性狀之影響

Effect of dietary protein, tryptophan, methionine, vitamin B6 and ambient temperature on growth performance and carcass characteristics on broilers

邱乃萱(Nai Hsuan Chiu)

指導教授 ： 夏良宙 ； 劉世華

國立屏東科技大學/農學院/動物科學與畜產系/碩士(2013年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST.2013.00038

摘要

本試驗之目的在於探討不同環境溫度、蛋白質、色胺酸和甲硫胺酸及維生素B6對肉雞生長成績及屠體性狀之影響。試驗一採用96隻1日齡愛拔益加品系肉雞，依體重逢機分配至各個處理，每處理12重複，每重複1隻雞，試驗期間採24小時光照，每日每隻雞採任食任飲之方式，試驗為期6週。本試驗採2（溫度）×2（蛋白質）×2（色胺酸）的複因子設計，溫度處理分別為低（22°C）高（30°C）溫；蛋白質處理分別為低（14%）高（23%）蛋白質以及色胺酸處理分別為中（0.25%）高（0.40%）色胺酸，0.25%色胺酸組（14%和23%蛋白質飼糧中皆無添加色胺酸）；0.44%色胺酸組（14%蛋白質飼糧中添加0.3%色胺酸，23%蛋白質飼糧中添加0.1%色胺酸）。隨著環境溫度增加，雞隻之攝食量和體增重在中期，後期及全期有顯著降低的情況，飼料效率方面則隨著環境溫度的增加，在前期，中期及全期則有顯著改善。而隨著飼糧中蛋白質濃度的增加，則不論在前期，中期，後期及全期，雞隻之攝食量，體增重及飼料效率則有顯著改善。隨著飼糧中色胺酸濃度的增加，對雞隻之攝食量，體增重及飼料效率則無顯著差異，但前期雞隻攝食量和體增重有增加之趨勢；而其體增重於第一週有顯著增加，第三週則顯著降低。飼養於中期之雞隻其飼料效率則隨著飼糧中色胺酸濃度的增加而顯著變差。而隨著環境溫度的增加，則顯著降低雞隻屠體中之血液，胸肉及心之百分比，而胸骨之百分比則會顯著增加。而隨著飼糧蛋白質增加，則顯著增加雞隻屠體之羽毛，胸肉及腿肉之百分比，但在血液，頭，心，肝，腹脂，腳之百分比則會顯著降低。

　　試驗二採用96隻1日齡愛拔益加品系肉雞，依體重逢機分配至12個處理，每處理8重複，每重複1隻雞，試驗期間採24小時光照，每日每隻雞採任食任飲之方式，試驗為期6週。本試驗採3（蛋白質）×2（色胺酸）×2（維生素B6）的複因子設計，蛋白質處理分別為低（12%）中（16%）高（20%）蛋白質，色胺酸處理分別中（0.25%）高（0.44%）色胺酸以及無（0 mg/kg）有（7.14 mg/kg）添加維生素B6。試驗結果顯示，低蛋白質組的攝食量，體增重及飼料效率在前、中、後期及全期上皆顯著低於高和中蛋白質組，而隨著飼糧中蛋白質濃度的增加，則顯著改善其飼料效率。中期、後期及全期，高色胺酸組雞隻之攝食量皆顯著低於中色胺酸組；高及中色胺酸組之飼料效率在前、後、全期無顯著差異，而中期，高色胺酸組則顯著差於中色胺酸組，而後及全期則有較差之趨勢。飼糧中有添加維生素B6對雞隻之攝食量無顯著差異，但在中期有增加之趨勢，體增重及飼料效率在中期皆有顯著改善。

　　試驗三採用96隻1日齡愛拔益加品系肉雞，依體重逢機分配至各個處理，每處理12重複，每重複1隻雞，試驗期間採24小時光照，每日每隻雞採任食任飲之方式，試驗為期6週。本試驗採2（溫度）×2（甲硫胺酸）×2（色胺酸）的複因子設計，環境溫度分別為低（22°C）高（30°C）溫，以及甲硫胺酸處理分別為無添加（甲硫胺酸＋半胱胺酸含量為0.44%）及添加3 mg/kg（甲硫胺酸＋半胱胺酸含量為0.72%），色胺酸處理分別低（0.18%）高（0.44%）色胺酸。試驗結果顯示，隨著環境溫度（30°C）的增加，雞隻之攝食量和體增重不論在中期，後期及全期皆有顯著降低，而飼料效率則不論在中期，後期及全期則有較差之趨勢。隨飼糧甲硫胺酸含量降低，則顯著降低雞隻前期之攝食量；飼養後期及全期之雞隻其攝食量顯著增加。而隨著飼糧甲硫胺酸濃度降低，不論在前期、中期、後期及全期，雞隻之體增重及飼料效率皆顯著變差。隨飼糧色胺酸含量增加，雞隻前期之攝食量有增加之趨勢；後期攝食量則有降低之趨勢。雞隻之體增重則無顯著差異。雞隻後期在高色胺酸組之飼料效率有改善之趨勢。
隨著境溫度增加，雞隻之體溫則有顯著增加。

關鍵字

環境溫度 ； 攝食量 ； 甲硫胺酸 ； 色胺酸 ； 維生素B6

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to investigate the Effect of dietary tryptophan, methionine, vitamin B6 and ambient temperature on growth performance and carcass characteristics on broilers. Trail 1, 96 Arbor Acres chickens were randomly allocated into a 2 (temperature: 22 and 30°C) × 2 (CP: 14 and 23%) × 2 (tryptophan: 0.25 and 0.44%) factorial arrangement according to their body weight with 12 replications per treatment. During the experimental period (6 weeks), all provided feed and water ab libitum. The results showed that ambient temperature increased, feed intake and weight gain significantly decreased on broilers in middle, late and whole period. In prior, middle and whole period, when temperature increased, feed efficiency significantly improved. When the dietary protein level increased, feed intake, weight gain and feed efficiency significantly improved on broilers in prior, middle, late and whole period. In prior period, when the dietary tryptophan concentration increased, feed intake and weight gain were increasing trend. And weight gain significantly increased in first week but significantly decreased in third week. In middle period, feed efficiency was poor when dietary tryptophan concentration increased. And when ambient temperature increased, blood, breast and heart percentage on carcass of broilers significantly decreased but breast bone percentage on carcass of broilers significantly increased. When dietary protein level increased, feather, breast and drumstick percentage on carcass of broilers significantly increased but blood head, heart, liver, abdominal fat and feet on carcass of broilers significantly decreased.

Trail 2, 96 Arbor Acres chickens were randomly allocated into a 2 (CP: 12, 16 and 20%) × 2 (tryptophan: 0.25 and 0.44%) × 2 (vitamin B6 supplementation: 0 and 7.14 mg/kg) factorial arrangement according to their body weight with 8 replications per treatment. During the experimental period (6 weeks) , all provided feed and water ab libitum. The result showed, In prior, middle, late and whole period, when dietary protein level increased, feed intake, weight gain and feed efficiency significantly increased (16% and 20%).When dietary tryptophan concentration increased, feed intake and weight gain significantly decreased in middle, late and whole period. Feed efficiency was poor in middle period when dietary tryptophan concentration increased. And when dietary vitaminB6 supplementation increased, feed intake were increasing trend in middle period. And in middle period, weight gain and feed efficiency significantly improved when dietary vitamin B6 increased.

Trail 3, 96 Arbor Acres chickens were randomly allocated into a 2 (temperature: 22 and 30°C) × 2 (methionine supplement: 0 and 3 mg/kg) × 2 (tryptophan: 0.18 and 0.44%) factorial arrangement according to their body weight with 12 replications per treatment. During the experimental period (6 weeks) , all provided feed and water ab libitum. The results showed, when ambient temperature increased, feed intake and weight gain of broilers significantly decreased in middle, late and whole period and feed efficiency was poor trend in prior, middle, late and whole period. In prior period, when dietary methionine content decreased, feed intake significantly decreased. In late and whole period, when dietary methionine content increased, feed intake significantly increased. In prior, middle, late and whole period, when dietary methionine content increased, weight gain and feed efficiency significantly improved. When dietary tryptophan content increased, feed intake was increasing trend in prior period but decreasing trend in late period. Weight gain was not significant when dietary tryptophan content increased. When dietary tryptophan content increased, feed efficiency was improving trend in lat period. When ambient temperature increased, body temperature significantly increased.

並列關鍵字

environment temperature ； feed intake ； methionine ； tryptophan ； vitamin B6

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