環境溫度、磷含量及添加植酸酶對肉雞生長成績與代謝之影響

Effects of environmental temperatures, phosphorus levels and phytase supplementation on growing performance and metabolism in broiler

辛泊根(Po Kan Hsin)

指導教授 ： 夏良宙

國立屏東科技大學/農學院/動物科學與畜產系/碩士(2010年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST.2010.00173

摘要

本研究之目的為了解在不同環境溫度下，雞隻餵飼不同磷含量之飼料並透過添加植酸酶以增加磷之吸收對雞隻的生長性能、代謝及屠體之影響。本研究分成下列三個試驗：試驗一；試驗動物，採用1日齡之商業用艾維因品系雄性肉雞。試驗溫度區分成三種，分別為21、25及29℃。每種溫度下均餵飼以第二磷酸鈣調整之三種不同有效磷含量之飼糧，分別為0.23、0.45及0.55％。每飼料處理，分成三重複。飼養至3週齡起每處理屠宰3隻，每週屠宰一次直到6週齡結束。試驗雞隻飼料及飲水採任食任飲，每週秤雞隻體重及量測直腸溫。試驗二；採用2週齡體重於500-550g間之商業用艾維因品系雄性肉雞，平均分配至三種環境溫度下，每種溫度分別餵飼三種不同磷含量之飼料（飼料組成同試驗一），共九個處理組。每組6隻，每隻一籠。試驗雞隻於前2週餵飼一般商業用肉雞飼料，於三週齡開始分別餵飼三種不同磷含量之飼料。飼料及飲水於三週齡採任食任飲，四週齡時飼料採限食水為任飲之設計。試驗溫度於三週齡時為27℃，於四週齡時溫度分別調整為20、25及30℃。於每日收集糞便四次並加以秤重紀錄之。試驗三則採用1日齡商業用艾維因品系雄性肉雞。試驗溫度區分為高溫組（29℃）與一般環境溫度。每溫度處理下，分別為有效磷0與0.45%以及添加植酸酶之有無，共區分為四組。每處理8隻每隻1籠飼養至6週齡，前五週飼料及飲水採任食任飲且計算其生長成績；並於5週齡開始進行代謝實驗，代謝之操作過程同試驗二，六週齡結束後屠宰犧牲進行屠體採樣以進行分析。綜合試驗結果顯示，高環境溫度與磷含量皆會影響肉雞的生長成績與屠體品質，並且在高溫下肉雞體溫變高同時磷的消耗量與能量需求增加，推測因環境溫度提高間接造成能量代謝增加而促進磷的消耗。因此在高環境溫度中因代謝速率增加，連帶使飼糧中能量及磷含量需求必須提高以維持其能量代謝之使用。

關鍵字

肉雞 ； 環境溫度 ； 體溫 ； 磷

並列摘要

The objective of this study was to determine under different ambient temperature, whether feeding different dietary phosphorus levels and phytase supplementation would increase the absorption of phosphorus on the growth performance, metabolism, and carcass of broiler chickens. This study was divided into three experiments: in Experiment 1, day-old commercial Avian male broiler chicks were used. Experimental temperatures were fixed at 21, 25 and 29ºC. Under each temperature condition, three dietary available phosphorous levels, which were 0.23, 0.45 and 0.55% from dicalcium phosphate were fed to the birds. Each dietary treatment was replicated three times. From 3-week old onwards, 3 birds were slaughtered weekly from each treatment until the experiment ended at 6-week old of age. During experimental period, ad libitum feed and water were given. Body weight and rectum temperature were determined weekly. In Experiment 2, commercial Avian male broiler chicks aged 2-week old weighed between 500-550g were randomly distributed into different dietary treatments (treatment groups were similar as Experiment 1) under different environmental temperatures, 9 treatments in total. There were 6 birds in each group, one birds in each cage. Commercial diet was fed to the experimental birds 2 weeks prior to the study, three different dietary phosphorus rations were provided from 3-week old onwards. At 3-week old, ad libitum feed and drinking water were provided, restricted feeding was conducted at 4-week old. At 3-week old, the ambient temperature was 27ºC, the temperatures were set at 20, 25 and 30ºC at 4-week old. During metabolism trial, excreta was collected four times daily, weighed and recorded. In Experiments 3, day-old commercial Avian male broiler chicks were kept under two experimental temperatures, high environmental temperature (29ºC) and normal environmental temperature. Under each temperature treatment, the dietary treatments were 0, 0.45% available phosphorus and with or without phytase supplementation, 4 treatments in total. There were 8 birds in each treatment, one bird was kept in each cage until 6-week old. During the study, feed and water were provided ad libitum until 5-week old to determine growth performance, metabolism trial commenced on 5-week old onwards, the methodology was similar as mentioned in Experiment 2. At the end of the trial at 6-week old, the birds were slaughtered for carcass analysis. The results indicated that both high environmental temperature and dietary phosphorus content affected growth performance and carcass quality. In addition, under high temperature condition, when the body temperature of the birds was high, at the same time, the requirement for phosphorus expenditure and energy were increased. It was speculated that the increment of environmental temperature indirectly increased energy metabolism, stimulating phosphorus expenditure. Hence, high temperature condition resulted in increased metabolical rate, and this was associated with increased requirement on dietary energy and phosphorus content in order to maintain energy metabolism.

並列關鍵字

broiler ； environmental temperature ； body temperature ； phosphorus

參考文獻

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