摘要
營養物質作為身體活動之燃料、維持身體組織之結構，同時也使體內生理代謝反應能順利運作。運動會刺激肌肉蛋白質之代謝，提升肌肉蛋白質合成與降解速率，使肌肉微結構產生變化，以適應運動訓練，並提高表現。而能量對運動過程與恢復中之生理代謝極為重要。本試驗目的在探討高、低濃度蛋白質飼糧對家鴿（Columba livia Domestica）之生長表現與高、低能量飼糧對其飛行表現之影響。 試驗一使用1公1母配對之種鴿，依體重將已配對種鴿隨機分配至2處理組（16.2%與20.2% 粗蛋白組），每處理10重複，每重複1對鴿子。採任食任飲方式飼養，為期4週。每日紀錄籠攝食量，每週於固定時間秤取種鴿和幼鴿體重及量測幼鴿翅膀長度。幼鴿出生第28日離乳後開始訓練。試驗二以試驗一育出之幼鴿達1月齡後，延續父母所在之處理組（低與高粗蛋白組分為7和9隻）餵飼，每隻每日限食20公克飼料，但水任飲。每週秤重一次，訓練期間記錄放飛與歸巢時間，再以網頁瀏覽器Google Earth® 計算飛行距離。試驗三以試驗二訓練完畢之5月齡幼鴿，逢機分配至2處理組（3,166和3,366 kcal 粗代謝能），餵飼方法同試驗二，每之鴿子在不同日期輪流於40公里、60公里、80公里及120公里處釋放。釋放時鴿子背負GPS追蹤器，以記錄其路徑。釋放前、歸返後及恢復期皆紀錄時間與體重。 試驗一結果顯示，高粗蛋白組幼鴿其第一週增重顯著高於低蛋白組，之後兩組間即便無差異。在試驗二結果顯示，不論攝取低或高粗蛋白飼糧，訓練期的鴿子體重皆會下降，但高粗蛋白組體重有較低蛋白組重的趨勢。試驗三結果顯示，攝取高能量者飛行距離在40公里與60公里組顯著較低能量組短。攝取高能量之鴿子失重雖然較高，但恢復期第一日增重也較多。綜合上述，蛋白質可能提升鴿子生長性能，而能量可使鴿子在長途飛行後有較佳的恢復能力。
並列摘要
In mammals and human, exercise enhances muscle protein metabolism by increasing muscle protein synthesis and degradation rate, and consequently, changes the microstructure in muscle and improves exercise performance. Energy supplies for exercise and recovery are essential as well. The purpose of this study was to compare high and low crude protein diets on growth performance of pigeons (Columba livia Domestica). and high and low energy diets on pigeon’s flight performance. 20 pairs of pigeon selected in Trail 1 were composed of 1 male and female and the pigeon pairs were equally assigned to 1 of the 2 treatments: low crude protein (LCP, 16.2%) or high crude protein (HCP, 20.2%) based on the body weight after coupling. Feed and drink were providing ad lib and natural lighting was provided. Data was recorded once a week for 4 weeks, including cage feed intake, individual body weight of the parent pigeons and squabs, and wing length of the squab. The squab were weaned and begun flight training at Day 28. In Trail 2, the squab from Trail 1 were assigned to the group as their parents were (LCP has 7 replicates, HCP has 9). Each bird fed 20 g per day, water, and natural lighting were provided. Body weight was measured once a week. The web browser Google Earth® was used to calculate flight distance and stopwatch to record the flight time. In trial 3 the well-trained pigeons from Trail 2 were used and assigned to low (LE) or high (HE) energy diet (3,166 or 3,366 kcal crude metabolizable energy per kg). All pigeons were daily fed 20 g of feed, water and lighting were provided as described previously. Each pigeon underwent a series of flying distance, including 40, 60, 80, and 120 km. A GPS device (10 g) was adhered to the back of each pigeons for tracing the flight routes. Flying time and distance, body weights before and after flight were recorded and analyzed. Trail 1 demonstrate that, weight gain of HCP squabs was higher than those of LCP squabs in first week, but not in the rest of weeks. In Trail 2, all pigeon lost body weight during the training stage, and the pigeons of HCP tend to be heavier than those of LCP. Trail 3 demonstrate that, flying distance of HE pigeons was significant shorter than that of the LE pigeons at site of 40km and 60km. Loss of the body weight in pigeons after flight and weight regainment one day after flight were both higher in HE than those in LE. In conclusion, Protein supplementation may have positive effect on the squab growth performance, and pigeon may benefit from consumption of protein- and energy-enriched feed during their flight training.