臺灣東部山區土壤沖蝕指數之探討

An investigation on the soil erodibility index at mountain area in eastern Taiwan

陳富平(Ping-Fu Chen)

指導教授 ： 林金炳

國立屏東科技大學/工學院/土木工程系所/碩士(2012年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST.2012.00009

摘要

土壤沖蝕是指地表土壤受外力作用，自一地搬運至另一地之現象，由於人類活動的介入所引發的土壤沖蝕屬造成土壤流失的重要原因之一，也因此土壤沖蝕研究更顯著重要性。在臺灣地區現地土壤沖蝕指數（Km）調查資料以點狀分佈，數量有限。因而本研究針對花東地區不同土壤設置 19 處研究試區，進行現地土壤沖蝕量測，從民國 99 年4月至 101 年 6 月止，共觀測 76 筆資料進行研究與分析。
以研究試區所採取土壤，根據水土保持手冊所定之試驗項目，依據ASTM規範得到土壤之物理性質，配合由現地量測之沖蝕深度，利用通用土壤流失公式反推得到推估的 Km 值，與水土保持手冊查表值和盧光輝依據USDA土壤質地分類所訂定值比較，探討 Km 值的適用性與通用性。
從結果得知花東地區土壤分類各範圍值，進而得知各平均值。如沖積土查表Km為0.032；實驗Km為0.057；反推Km為0.027，石質土查表Km為0.03；實驗Km為0.045；反推Km為0.030，Sil平均值查表Km為0.030；實驗Km為0.076；反推Km為0.034，Sl平均值查表Km為0.028；實驗Km為0.057；反推Km為0.023之上述各種Km比較結果，原因為查表已沿用多年有需要再重新制定其沖蝕值，實驗Km部分因試區取樣不足，以致於試區土壤實驗Km結果偏高，因此建議採用現地所推估之Km作為花東地區土壤沖蝕指數參考。

關鍵字

土壤沖蝕 ； 土壤沖蝕指數 ； 通用土壤流失公式

並列摘要

Soil erosion is the phenomenon of soil surface transported from one place to another by external forces. One of the important reasons to cause soil erosion is due to the intervention of human activities, so studies of soil erosion have more significant importance. For the time being, the limited surveyed data of Soil erosion index (Km) scattered over Taiwan. Therefore, the research set 19 test areas containing different soil taxonomy in the Hualien and Taitung counties, and proceeded in situ soil erosion measurements. From April 2010 to June 2012, 76 observed data sets in total carry out the research and analysis.
With the soil collected from the test areas, experiments regulated by ASTM and the manual of soil and water conservation, and the amount of onsite measured erosion depth, it estimates the back-calculated Km values by using the Universal Soil Loss Equation, The Km values above then compare with the Km values tabulated in the soil and water conservation manual and values suggested by Kwong Fai A. Lo based on USDA the soil texture of classification to explore of Km value applicability and versatility.
Research could know the soil classification value ranges from Hualien and Taitung areas, and obtaining the average in the end. As the alluvial soil tabulated Km is 0.032; the experimental Km is 0.057, and the back-calculated Km is 0.027. The quality soil look-up table Km is 0.03; the experimental Km is 0.045, and the back-calculatedKm is0.030.
The Sil average tabulated Km is 0.030; the experimental Km is 0.076, and the back-calculatedKm is 0.034. The Sl average look-up table Km is 0.028; the experimental Km is 0.057, and the back-calculated Km is 0.023. There are a variety of Km compared results, because the tabulatedhas used for many years and it was needed to re-formulate its erosion. Because of insufficient in-situ measurement, so that the results of soil of the experimental Km could be overestimated.Therefore, researcher recommends present estimating Km as the reference of soil erosion index in Hualien and Taitung areas.

並列關鍵字

soil erosion ； soil erosion index ； Universal Soil Loss Equation

參考文獻

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