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  • 學位論文

臺灣南部山區土壤沖蝕指數之探討

An investigation on the soil erodibility index at mountain area in southern Taiwan

指導教授 : 林金炳

摘要


臺灣估算土壤流失量是以通用土壤流失公式(USLE)為主,其式裡的土壤沖蝕指數值(Km),是選用水土保持手冊(2005)已建立的臺灣各地區Km值資料。因現階段Km值資料有限,且近年來臺灣受到極端氣候之影響,使得已沿用多年的Km值資料恐有變異,故有重新探討及增加Km值資料之必要。 本研究針對臺灣南部山區不同土壤設置20處研究試區,利用4種方法求得Km值進行比較與探討。方法1:以沖蝕樁觀測土壤沖蝕量,利用USLE公式求得現地觀測反推Km值;方法2:依據土壤沖蝕指數推估公式求得實驗Km值;方法3:依據水土保持手冊查得試區之手冊查表Km值;方法4:依據盧光輝所修訂的土壤質地Km值查得試區之USDA 查表Km值。 結果顯示,所有的實驗Km值較手冊查表Km值大,手冊查表Km值與USDA查表Km值相近,而現地觀測反推Km值最小。本研究亦依據行政院農委會之土壤分類及USDA土壤分類,討論出研究區內各土壤性質及土壤質地之Km值範圍,作為估算土壤流失量之參考。

並列摘要


Estimating soil loss mainly uses the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) in Taiwan, in which the soil erosion indexes (Km) are chosen from Soil Conservation Handbook (2005). Due to limited of Km data and the extreme weather impaction in Taiwan in recent years, it is necessary to verify and broaden the database of Km after being used for many years. This study focuses on the mountain area in southern Taiwan and sets 20 experimental areas to investigate Km values of different soils. Four types of methods in searching Km values are used. The methods are: 1) back-calculating Km values by using Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) cooperating with measured soil erosion which are obtained by using erosion stakes in-situ. 2) obtaining the experimental Km values based on empirical soil erosion index formula, 3) acquiring the tabulated Km values in Soil Conservation Handbook, 4) searching the tabulated Km values developed by Lu, Guang-hui(1997) based on USDA classification. The results show that all of the “experimental Km values” is larger than “tabulated Km values in Handbook”, and the latter are close to “tabulated Km values developed by Lu, Guang-hui(1997) based on USDA classification”. The “back-calculating Km values” are the smallest in the Km obtained from the methods mentioned above. This study also explores the range of Km values corresponding with soil properties and soil texture, which are based on the Council of Agriculture and USDA soil classification, of the study areas. The explored Km could provide references in estimating soil loss.

參考文獻


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陳富平(2013),「臺灣東部山區土壤沖蝕指數之探討」。碩士論文,國立屏東科技大學,土木工程系。

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