非洲及拉丁美洲與加勒比海微金融融機構效率性之研究

Efficiency Study of Microfinance Institutions in Africa and Latin America and Caribbean

貝卡瑞(Bakary O. Camara)

指導教授 ： 洪仁杰 ； 鍾惠雯

國立屏東科技大學/國際學院/熱帶農業暨國際合作系/碩士(2013年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST.2013.00114

摘要

微金融機構之主要貢獻在於提供貧窮人士金融服務。本研究旨在探討非洲及拉丁美洲與加勒比海地區微金融機構之技術效率。本研究的30個樣本取自2011年微金融機構交換所(Microfinance Information Exchange)資料庫，包括兩個區域的15家非銀行金融機構，7家銀行，6家信用合作社及2家提供金融服務給貧窮人士的非政府組織。本研究利用資料包絡分析法(Data Envelopment Analysis )分別計算固定及變動規模報酬之效率分數。在中介變數法下，拉丁美洲與加勒比海地區微金融機構之平均技術效率分數(0.81)優於非洲(0.74)；但在生產法下，非洲地區微金融機構之平均技術效率分數(0.78)優於拉丁美洲與加勒比海(0.56)。大部分微金融機構的無效率來自不當的投入資源配置或不當規模報酬下運作(相較於規模效率，在純技術效率下分數較高)。實證結果顯示非政府組織及信用合作社的表現較佳，此與過去之實證發現一致。本研究建議應在開發中國家或地區推廣非政府組織及信用合作社，特別是非洲地區。

關鍵字

微金融機構 ； 非洲 ； 拉丁美洲與加勒比海 ； 資料包絡分析法 ； 效率

並列摘要

Microfinance institutions are known for their contribution in poverty alleviation in most parts of the world by providing financial services to the poor for self-economic empowerment. This study aims to compute the technical efficiency of these institutions operating in Africa and Latin America and Caribbean, as both the producer of loans and intermediary institutions to the poor clients. The study sample is 30 microfinance institutions extracted from Microfinance Information Exchange (MIX) 2011 data for both regions, with 15 Non-Bank Financial Institution, 7 Banks-Financial Institutions, 6 Credit Union/ Cooperative, and 2 NGOs offering microfinance services to the poor. The study used Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) input oriented model to compute efficiency score under both constant and variable return to scale. The average technical efficiency score obtained under intermediation was higher in Latin America, and Caribbean microfinance institutions with a score of 0.81 and 0.74 for Africa. However, under the production approach, Africa microfinance institutions have higher efficiency score of 0.78 as compared to Latin America and Caribbean with a score of 0.56. Most of the inefficiencies in microfinance institutions were as a result of inappropriate allocation of inputs or operating at inappropriate scale as the average efficiency scores were high under pure technical efficiency as compared to scale efficiency. The results by status show that NGOs and Credit Union/Cooperatives were the best performers in both production and intermediation approach, which is in line with some of the empirical findings. The study recommends the promotion of Credit Union/Cooperative and NGO-microfinance institutions in developing regions as these microfinance institutions are found to be the most efficient under both production and intermediation approach especially in Africa.

並列關鍵字

MFIs ； Africa ； Latin America and Caribbean ； DEA ； efficiency

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