中華眼鏡蛇(Naja atra)與鎖鏈蛇(Daboia siamensis)在噴氣、運動與休息之間的呼吸生理變化

Respiratory physiological change of Chinese Cobra (Naja atra) and Eastern Russel’s Viper (Daboia siamensis) during hissing, exercising, and resting.

蔡作明(Zuo-Ming CAI)

指導教授 ： 蔡添順

國立屏東科技大學/農學院/野生動物保育研究所/碩士(2015年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST.2015.00038

摘要

當蛇類遭遇危險時，會採取防禦或是警戒的方式保護自身安全，以提高存活的機會。在眾多的警戒防禦行為中，噴氣行為特別引人注目，蛇類並無聲帶精準控制發出的聲音，卻能以噴氣行為發出巨大聲響威嚇敵人。針對噴氣行為的研究，大多著墨於解剖與聲學的剖析，對於生理方面卻一無所知，故本實驗以具有噴氣警戒禦敵行為的臺灣蛇類：中華眼鏡蛇(Naja atra)與鎖鏈蛇(Daboia siamensis)，以爬行運動與休息狀態作為對照，檢測其激怒時噴氣行為的呼吸生理值。實驗結果顯示，當眼鏡蛇與鎖鏈蛇噴氣行為時，最大噴氣流量以及通氣流量皆大幅提升，有大量二氧化碳排出，且二氧化碳流量需求亦大於休息狀態；血液二氧化碳分壓與氧氣分壓無顯著變化，但乳酸值有明顯上升，血液酸鹼值也有下降趨勢。比較於眼鏡蛇爬行時，最大噴氣流量與二氧化碳生成率皆較噴氣時高，但運動狀態與休息狀態的二氧化碳流量需求無統計差異，即當眼鏡蛇爬行運動時，無明顯的過度換氣現象。血液二氧化碳分壓的升高，則可能因二氧化碳在體內代謝過快，卻無法由大量通氣排出而升高，乳酸值的結果也隨著運動時間增加而累積更多。綜合以上實驗結果顯示，中華眼鏡蛇與鎖鏈蛇在噴氣行為時，有過度換氣現象，但未有呼吸性鹼血症，反而是乳酸堆積造成血液酸鹼值下降，而有代謝性酸血症，另外眼鏡蛇在爬行運動時亦有代謝性酸血症。

關鍵字

中華眼鏡蛇 ； 鎖鏈蛇 ； 過度換氣 ； 噴氣行為 ； 呼吸生理

並列摘要

When snakes encounter predators, they will display antipredatory behaviors to save their life. Among the diversified antipredatory behaviors, the hissing behavior is much conspicuous to human beings. Without vocal cords, snakes can still hiss loudly to threaten enemy. Previous studies on hissing behaviors mainly focus on the anatomy and acoustics but never on the physiology. Therefore, I investigated on the respiratory physiology of hissing snakes, including Chinese cobra (Naja atra) and Eastern Russel’s viper (Daboia siamensis), by comparing their respiratory characters during hissing, crawling, and resting. The results showed that both snake species increased the maximal expiratory speed, ventilation, and the rate of carbon dioxide production (VCO2), as well as the carbon dioxide convection requirement (VE/ VCO2) during hissing. The blood partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2) and partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) did not increase while the blood lactate concentration increased significantly. Chinese Cobras had larger maximal expiratory rate and the rate of carbon dioxide production, but lower carbon dioxide convection requirement during crawling. The carbon dioxide convection requirement did not differ between crawling and resting. The blood partial pressure of carbon dioxide and lactate may accumulate too much to be metabolized during crawling. In conclusion, Chinese cobra and Eastern Russel’s viper have hyperventilation during hissing, and the respiratory alkalosis did not occur because lactate accumulation may decrease the blood pH causing the metabolic acidosis. Chinese cobra doesn’t have hyperventilation during crawling, but it has metabolic acidosis.

並列關鍵字

Naja atra ； Daboia siamensis ； hyperventilation ； hissing ； respiratory physiology

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