蔬菜小農農家之效益分析：對提升尼泊爾農家所得之意涵

Efficiency Analysis of Smallholder Vegetable Farms: Implications for Improving Rural Household Income in Nepal

盧德拉(Rudra Bahadur Shrestha)

指導教授 ： 黃文琪

國立屏東科技大學/國際學院/熱帶農業暨國際合作系/博士(2015年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST.2015.00096

摘要

減少貧窮和飢餓是全球具長期挑戰性的問題，特別在發展中國家的尼泊爾更加明顯。增進蔬菜生產效率可幫助小農農家增加收入、減少貧窮並提高生計。本研究使用隨機邊界法（SFA）和資料包絡分析法（DEA）來評估尼泊爾蔬菜小農農家之效率。結果表示大多數的蔬菜小農農家效率都很低。低效率（經濟、技術、配置和規模）的情形在冬季較夏季嚴重，表示冬季仍有相當大的效率提高空間。由於效率低的緣故，產出和利潤的減少平均水準約達25%。若採用最佳技術及資源配置，可大幅降低潛在成本（約60%）。因此高效率農家因減少產出和利潤損失以及得以用較低的成本生產，得以提升家庭所得。低效率的來源主要包含：使用種子的來源類型（未使用改良的種子）、訓練和推廣服務成效不佳、支援服務（市場、信貸和基礎設施）不足及性別差異。若能獲得改良品種、農業貸款、農民的教育水準及推廣服務，蔬菜生產效率將可提升。本研究建議採用更好的種植技術、發展相關基礎設施、加強提供支援服務，特別是女性農民，以提高生產效率。雖然目前尼泊爾已經有部分的支援服務，但本研究認為，應著重在創造出更佳的市場進入條件、針對女性提供推廣服務以及教育訓練以持續大幅增加生產效率。這些支援服務可增加農民所得、改善農家家庭經濟，並減少尼泊爾小農農家的貧窮問題。

關鍵字

蔬菜農家 ； 低效率 ； 小農 ； 家庭收入 ； 減少貧窮 ； 尼泊爾

並列摘要

Poverty and hunger reduction are intertwined challenges and enduring issues in the world, particularly in developing countries and more pronounce in Nepal. Improvement in the efficiency in vegetable farming helps farmers increase per capita income, reduce poverty and eventually improve the livelihood of smallholder farmers.This study evaluates the efficiency of vegetable farms in Nepal using parametric stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) and non-parametric data envelopment analysis (DEA) approaches. The results reveal that there is a wide range and great extents of inefficiencies in vegetable farms. The inefficiencies (economic, technical, allocative, and scale) are higher in winter thanin summer season implies that there is a considerable potential to improve efficiency in vegetable production in winter season. Because of the inefficiencies in vegetable farms, the farmers lost levels of outputs and profits is about 25 %. In addition, the farmers could have much higher levels of potential costs reduction (about 60 %), and such cost reduction comes by adopting the best technology practices of the efficient farms through the optimal resource allocation. The farms operate at the frontier levels could recover these levels of outputs and profit losses, and reduce the excessive use of input costs that improve the household income of vegetable farmers. The inefficiencies mainly caused by seed types (not using the improved varieties), ineffective training and extension services, inadequate support services (market, credit, and infrastructures), and gender discrepancy in vegetable farming. This study suggests that vegetable farmshave substantial potential for improving vegetable production efficiency with greater access to improved seeds, agricultural credit, education levels of farmers, and extension services. This study recommends to adopt improved vegetable farming technologies, infrastructures development associated with vegetable farming, and support servicesfor farmers in general and women farmers in particular, to increase farm efficiency. While some of these support services are currently available, this study suggests that more focus be given to creating improved market access, to women focused extension, and to training packages for sustainable and substantial increase in production efficiency. These support services can lead to increase farm income, improve household economy, and eventually reduce poverty of smallholder farmers in Nepal.

並列關鍵字

Vegetable farm ； inefficiency ； smallholder farmer ； household income ； poverty reduction ； Nepal

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