- 學位論文
植物生態箱中不同介質及其狀態對降低箱中CO2含量之影響
Effect of Different Media and their Forms on Reducing Carbon Dioxide Concentration inside the Plant Ecological Box
摘要
現代人每天約有80%~90%時間是在室內渡過，容易導致室內二氧化碳(CO2)濃度過高。本試驗以栽培介質為主軸，選擇11種不同栽培介質置於密閉壓克力箱，在光度50 µmol m-2 s-1下，測量其不同狀態(澆水及不澆水)二氧化碳(CO2)之變化，再於介質混合情況下利用箱內測試預期CO2濃度上升0ppm、300ppm、600ppm為級距搭配不同混合介質進行測試。測試結果再與5種不同蕨類(葉面積5532 cm2)組成植物生態箱，測量其置於密閉式及開放式生態箱之CO2移除能力。 試驗結果顯示：不同介質CO2濃度變化偵測(未澆水)，各介質之CO2濃度變化於偵測後一小時即出現變化，其中以樹皮、花生殼、水苔、蛇木屑及泥炭土五種介質CO2濃度呈現上升趨勢(48%、77%、65%、15%、90%)，另蛭石、珍珠石、炭化稻殼、保綠人造土、中椰纖及發泡煉石六種介質CO2濃度則呈現下降趨勢(12%、13%、17%、14%、9%、6%)。 但澆水後不同介質於箱內CO2濃度產生變化，試驗結果顯示：24小時後CO2上升之介質為樹皮(64%)、蛇木屑(86%)、中椰纖(87 %)、水苔(63%)、珍珠石(12%)、花生殼(83%)、泥炭土(83%)、保綠人造土(38%)及碳化稻殼(55%)等九種，蛭石及發泡煉石兩種介質與試驗一相同呈現下降趨勢。由試驗一、二之結果發現試驗之介質在無澆水及有澆水的情況下CO2濃度變化情況未必相同。 在澆水後測試不同介質比例組合於密閉壓克力箱中之CO2濃度變化之測試與預測值比較，在偵測48小時後研究結果顯示：CO2濃度預測上升0 ppm的組合以保綠人造土1:發泡煉石8下降5.5ppm最接近預測值;在預測CO2濃度上升300ppm的組合中泥炭土1:發泡煉石9則是上升 277ppm最接近預測值; 在預測CO2濃度上升600ppm的組合中水苔1:發泡煉石8上升554.7ppm最接近預測值。在級距預測試驗中以含發泡煉石之處裡表現較為平穩且能符合預期，因此，在後續實驗當中用發泡煉石為主要使用介質，為後續植物生態箱建構之基礎。 最後於不同介質混合栽培蕨類於密閉生態箱中測試CO2濃度變化之影響，試驗結果顯示: 不同栽培介質搭配相同植生量(葉面積5532 cm2)於封閉生態箱中皆在第2至5小時、第20至第31小時與第44至48小時此三個時段皆在燈源開啟時且CO2移除量顯著高於其他測量時段，而CO2移除量為負值的時段皆與燈源關閉時相符，其中以發泡煉石混合水苔(8:1)移除量406.46ppm為最高。 測試不同介質比例處理於開放生態箱中CO2濃度之變化，試驗結果顯示: 以發泡煉石混合水苔(8:1)栽培，平均CO2移除能力為291.2 ppm高於其他栽培介質，但在開放的環境下四種栽培介質組合CO2移除能力並無顯著差異，原因可能是因室內人員進出頻繁或使用的植生量不足。 由試驗結果得知，介質之性質會影響空氣中CO2濃度變化。而依不同比例混合栽培可改善空間內CO2濃度，且無論在植物生態箱封閉或開放時，使用發泡煉石混合水苔(8:1)栽培，CO2濃度的移除效果都較其他處理佳。
並列摘要
In modern day, people spents about 80% to 90% of the time indoors. Thus, it easily lead to high indoor carbon dioxide ( CO2 ) concentration. In this experiment, 11 main cultivation media were choose and placed in a sealed acrylic box, under luminosity 50 μmol m-2 s-1 then measured its CO2 change either non-watering or with watering status. Then different mixed media with expected and actual the CO2 concentration increased 0ppm, 300ppm, 600ppm inside the box were tested. Then the best mixed media with five different fern ( leaf area 5532 cm2 ) in plant ecology box were set up, their CO2 removal capacity of the closed and open ecological box were investigated. The results showed that: significant different CO2 concentration change among media were detected (non-watering). Within an hour CO2 concentration changes of various media hour can be detected. Medium such as bark, peanut shells, moss, tree-fern and peat CO2 concentrations increased, but vermiculite, perlite, charcoaled rice husk, artificial fiber and in coco peat and expanded clay decreased. After watering the media different trend of CO2 concentration change was detected. The CO2 increased medium was : Bark ( 64% ), tree-fern ( 86% ), the coco peat ( 87% ), moss ( 63% ), perlite ( 12% ), peanut Shell ( 83% ), peat ( 83% ), artificial fiber ( 38% ) and charcoaled rice husk ( 55% ). But, vermiculite and expanded clay both media had identical CO2 decline. From above tests it was found that the media in the absence of water and watering will changed their CO2 concentrations. When different ratio of mixed media were used to check the change of CO2 concentration ( 0、300、600ppm expected ) in the airtight acrylic box for 48 hours, the results showed: predicted 0 ppm CO2 concentration with artificial fiber 1: 8 expanded clay as medium showed 5.5ppm and was the closest to predictive value; predicted 300ppm CO2 concentration of peat 1: expanded clay 9 increased 277ppm and was the closest to the predicted value; for predicted 600ppm CO2 concentration the moss ( 1 : 8 ) expanded clay rise 554.7ppm and was the closest to the forecast. Those medium containing expanded clay performed relatively stable and can be expected close to the predicted value. Therefore, in subsequent experiments expanded clay was used as the media for main basis for the subsequent construction of the plant ecological box. Test results of different mixed media culture with ferns in a closed box test results showed that : different cultivation media with the same amount of raw plant ( leaf area 5532 cm2 ) in a closed ecological box showed CO2 fixation in the 2-5 hours, 20 to 31 hours and 44 and 48 hours during all three periods when this light source is turned on. And the amount of CO2 removed significantly higher than other measurement period, while CO2 increase periods were when light source was turned off. To test the CO2 concentrations inside open ecological box, the results showed that: expanded clay mixing moss ( 8 : 1 ) cultivation, showed an average of 291.2 ppm CO2 removal capacity and higher than other growing media. But in the open growing media environment CO2 removal capacity was not significant among different mixed media. The reason may be due to staff in and out of testing site too frequently or the amont of plant materials was not enough. Combine test results above showed that, CO2 concentrations will be changed with the status of medium. And, mixed media can be used to improved CO2 concentration in the plant ecology box closed or open. Expanded clay mixing with moss ( 8 : 1 ) can reduce more CO2 concentration than other media formulation.