利用香蕉假莖作為平菇太空包栽培介質之探討

Study of banana pseudostem as cultivation bag media of mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus

呂倚孝(Yi-Hsiao Lu)

指導教授 ： 李柏旻

國立屏東科技大學/工學院/生物機電工程系所/碩士(2015年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST.2015.00274

摘要

近年由於環境保育的觀念興起，使得木材產量減少、木屑價格上漲，間接影響以木屑為主要原料的菇蕈類產業，使得菇蕈類價格上漲。臺灣因地處亞熱帶，而香蕉為主要經濟果物之一，全臺種植面積達11,000公頃，香蕉果實收穫後，假莖部位往往被棄置田野或焚燒，造成生物資源的極大浪費，亦會汙染生態環境，而平菇(Pleurotus ostreatus)是臺灣五大經濟食用菇類之一，因此本研究將探討以香蕉假莖廢棄物再利用作為平菇太空包栽培介質之可行性。本研究使用五種不同的香蕉假莖與木屑混合比，分別為0%、25%、50%、75%及100%用於製作栽培平菇介質，並評估平菇對香蕉假莖-木屑太空包生物質處理的最佳混合比例，以求達到全面取代傳統太空包木屑之方向。本實驗藉由檢測太空包之基本成分，包含：木質素、纖維素、總碳含量、總氮含量以及走菌天數，作為後續分析太空包產率、生物學效率與持續性之依據。
實驗結果顯示在走菌天數上以控制組之21.5±0.5天為最快，隨後以混有25%香蕉假莖之太空包次之，為22±0.0天；在全香蕉假莖粉末之太空包中走菌天數最慢，為28±1.0天。
基本成分含量上對於走菌天數進行相關係數比較，觀察到在纖維素上的相關係數為最佳，分別為-0.987與0.996，；而在碳氮比與走菌天數的部分相關係數為-0.809，略低於木質素與纖維素。
研究結果顯示，使用較高比例的香蕉假莖粉末將影響太空包氮源含量，導致太空包走菌時間延長，增加污染率，以香蕉假莖粉末取代25%之木屑則可減少木屑消耗，不僅能降低汙染率，還能有效的提供香蕉假莖一條新的消耗的途徑。

關鍵字

香蕉假莖 ； 平菇 ； 栽培介質 ； 走菌天數

並列摘要

In recent years, due to the rise of the concept of environmental conservation, thus influencing timber production decrease and make the sawdust prices increase. Indirect effect to the industries of mushroom that use sawdust as the main raw material, lead the mushroom price growing every year. Because Taiwan is located in subtropical region, and banana is one of the major valuable fruit, in addition planting area of banana in Taiwan accounted up to 11,000 hectares. After harvesting, the part of pseudostems were often dumped or burned in the fields, not only causing great waste of natural resources, but also making the ecological environment pollution. Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) is one of Taiwan's five economic edible mushrooms, therefore, this study will explore the feasibility of banana pseudostem agro-waste recycling used as oyster mushroom cultivation bag medium. In this study used five different banana pseudostem-sawdust mixtures for production of mushroom cultivation bag media, the ratio are 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%, respectively. Banana pseudostem-sawdust mixtures were assessed and determined of the best ratio, this study expects to achieve fully replace the traditional cultivation bag sawdust. The best ratio was determined by detection of the basic ingredients of cultivation bag, including: ash content, lignin content, cellulose content, total carbon content, total nitrogen content and spawn running days, as a follow-up analysis basis of cultivation bag productivity, biological efficiency and persistence.
The results showed that the fastest spawn running days revealed in control group is 21.5±0.5 days, followed by cultivation bag mixed with 25% of banana psrudostem, is 22±0.0 days; slowest revealed in cultivation bag which contains 100% banana pseudostem is 28±1.0 days.
Correlation coefficient for comparison the basic ingredients and spawn running days, observed correlation coefficient highest revealed at cellulose is 0.996; in the part of correlation coefficient for comparison C/N ratio and spawn running days, observed correlation coefficient is -0.809, slightly lower than the lignin and cellulose.
This study showed that, using a higher proportion of banana pseudostem would affect cultivation bag total nitrogen content, it would causing spawn running days got longer and increased the chance of cultivation bag attacked by contaminants. Using banana pseudostem replace 25% of the sawdust in cultivation bag could reduce sawdust consumption, not only could reduce the rate of pollution, but also effective provided a new way for consumption banana pseudostem.

並列關鍵字

Banana pseudostems ； Pleurotus ostreatus ； Cultivation bag media ； Spawn running days

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