武陵地區河烏(Cinclus pallasii)的巢位選擇

Nestsite Selection of Brown Dippers (Cinclus pallasii) in Wulin

曾建閔(Chien-Min Tseng)

指導教授 ： 孫元勳

國立屏東科技大學/農學院/野生動物保育研究所/碩士(2015年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST.2015.00275

摘要

河烏(Cinclus pallasii)是溪流環境的指標物種，對棲地有高度專一性，多半築巢在溪畔的岩壁上。先前的研究已證實不同溪流型態會影響河烏的食物資源，本研究進一步探討溪流型態和岩壁外部特徵是否會影響河烏選擇築巢岩壁，以及河烏巢被掠食機率是否跟岩壁外部特徵有關。2012年至2015年在大甲溪上游記錄44個河烏使用巢位，共73次河烏繁殖，其中28個巢位共42次繁殖成功、12個巢位共16次因天敵入侵失敗、13個巢位共15次因其他因素失敗(如天候因素或棄巢)，記錄到河烏巢的天敵有台灣獼猴(Macaca cyclopis)、黃鼠狼(Mustela sibirica taivana)、台灣松雀鷹(Accipiter nisus)、王錦蛇(Elaphe carinata)等。岩壁外部特徵以河烏築巢岩壁(n = 38)及抽樣的無巢岩壁(n = 29)進行調查，共測量20項環境因子，發現河烏偏好具有可容納巢的空間、斜度較接近90˚且無陸生哺乳類可通行通道的岩壁築巢，這些條件應與避免天敵入侵有關。但比較繁殖成功的巢和被天敵入侵的巢，各項外部特徵間無顯著差異，推測原因為武陵地區天敵多樣性高，沒有一項外部特徵可有效防禦所有天敵入侵。另外，比較河烏築巢岩壁及其領域範圍內過去曾築巢或經評估適合築巢的岩壁，河烏築巢岩壁上下游200 m的淺瀨面積多出13.0 ± 16.9% (n = 20, p = 0.005)，顯示當領域內可用岩壁不只1處時，河烏會選擇覓食較容易的岩壁築巢。

關鍵字

河烏 ； 巢位選擇 ； 天敵 ； 食物資源

並列摘要

Brown Dipper (Cinclus pallasii), a stream environment indicator, is a highly habitat specialist, nesting on the ledge and crevice on riparian cliff. It has been known that the food resource of the species was affected by stream type, and further study is needed to determine whether stream type and physical structure of cliff have effect on the nest site choice, and whether physical structure is related to predation. We recorded 44 nests and 73 breeding events in Tachia upstream in 2012-2015. Among which, 28 nests with 42 breeding attempts succeeded, 12 nests with 16 attempts failed because of predation, and 13 nests with 15 attempts failed due to other factors such as weather or nest abandon. The loss to predators included Taiwan macaque (Macaca cyclopis), Formosan lesser weasel (Mustela sibirica taivana), Besra (Accipiter nisus), and Taiwan beauty rat snake (Elaphe carinata). Brown Dipper preferred vertical cliffs with ledges or crevices, and those without any footings for those mammalian predators after 38 nested cliffs were compared with 29 randomly-selected sites for 20 factors. Whereas, none of those factors was significant if success nest vs. failed nests was made again. We also found that there 13.0 ± 16.9% more riffle in area within 200 m of nest sites (n = 20, p < 0.01) than control sites. This showed that the bird would choose a better place for nesting if more than one nests are available.

並列關鍵字

Brown Dippers ； Nestsite selection ； Predators ； Food Resources

參考文獻

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