具滑動軸承二級齒輪減速箱之多體動力學分析模型建立與最適軸承間隙選配

Multi-body Dynamics Analysis and Bearing Clearance Selection of ATwo-stage Gear Reducer with Sliding Bearings

陸郁仁(Yu-Ren Lu)

指導教授 ： 趙志燁 ； 吳育仁

國立屏東科技大學/工學院/機械工程系所/碩士(2016年)

摘要

齒輪減速箱主要係將輸入之高轉速、低扭力透過箱體內數組齒輪對進行減速，並將高扭力輸出至不同用途之機器，其中轉軸多以軸承支承以承受徑/軸向力、減少摩擦，當軸承設計不良時容易造成內部零件失效、產生不正常振動，往往是齒輪減速箱故障之主因。本研究目的在建立一具有滑動軸承二級齒輪減速箱之多體動力學分析模型，並以理論值與量測進行驗證，首先使用KISSsoft搭配SolidWorks建立齒輪減速箱三維CAD (Computer-Aided Design)模型，且將模型匯入多體動力學分析軟體RecurDyn中，並給予適當拘束條件、負載、參數設定，接著利用彈性流體動壓潤滑理論計算滑動軸承內油膜之剛性及阻尼，再以彈簧方式設定油膜動態特性係數於模型中，使其可等效模擬滑動軸承油膜運轉情況，進而建立具滑動軸承齒輪減速箱等效模型；此外，本研究使用三軸向加速度感測器與訊號擷取卡量測具滑動軸承齒輪減速箱之時域振動訊號，再利用振動噪音分析軟體NOVIAN軟體將時域訊號轉換為頻域訊號，以分析齒輪嚙合頻與滑動軸承特徵頻率，並與CAE模型動載模擬結果進行比對；最後，利用田口法對齒輪減速箱中各個滑動軸承之徑向間隙進行最適選配設計，使轉速波幅及齒輪嚙合力波動量之加總量最小為設計目標，亦提供一套適用於具滑動軸承齒輪減速箱之模擬設計方法。

關鍵字

齒輪減速箱 ； 滑動軸承 ； 振動噪音 ； 徑向間隙

並列摘要

The gear reducer is generally used to reduce the input motor speed and increase the transmission torque through meshing of several gear pairs for different applications. Usually, the shafts are supported by several rolling or sliding bearings and their design drawbacks often cause disasters of other components in the gear reducer and comply with vibration and noise. Therefore, this thesis aims to build an equivalent multi-body dynamics model for gear reducer with the journal bearings to simulate and improve its dynamic behaviors before being produced. During the study process, a three-dimensional (3D) computer-aided design (CAD) model is firstly constructed using softwares: KISSsoft and SolidWorks. Then, this model is imported into a multi-body dynamics software, RecurDyn, to form an equivalent analysis model of the target gear reducer by giving adequate constraints, forces, motions, materials and contacts. Wherein, the stiffness and damping of oil film within each sliding bearing are calculated by the elastohydrodynamic lubrication theory and applied onto the analysis model with spring elements. Next, a practical experiment was conducted to measure vibration signals on the real gear reducer for comparing with the simulation results from RecurDyn. Finally, the Taguchi’s method is applied to reduce the fluctuations of shaft speeds and gear meshing forces of the gear reducer with sliding bearings for selecting
III
better radial clearances for every sliding bearings and improving the vibration performance.

並列關鍵字

Gear reducer ； Sliding bearing ； Vibration and Noise ； Radial clearance

參考文獻

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