評估屏東地區幼齡學子經教室地板灰塵暴露多溴聯苯戴奧辛/呋喃之健康風險

Health risk assessment of school-age children exposure to polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzo furans via ingestion of classroom floor dust.

蕭詠駿(Yung-Chun Hsiao)

指導教授 ： 趙浩然

國立屏東科技大學/工學院/環境工程與科學系所/碩士(2016年)

摘要

多溴聯苯戴奧辛/呋喃(Polybrominateddibenzo-p-dioxins/furans, PBDD/Fs)逐漸受到矚目，它的存在與廣泛使用溴化阻燃劑(Brominated flame retardants, BFRs)有很大的關聯性。多溴聯苯醚(Polybrominated diphenyl ethers, PBDEs)是BFRs的其中一種，常被廣泛用於製造商業化阻燃劑(如：五溴聯苯醚、八溴聯苯醚與十溴聯苯醚)。有研究指出PBDEs是PBDD/Fs的前驅物，且有些商業化BFRs在熱解的過程中會釋放或形成PBDD/Fs。灰塵是人類經由非飲食攝入接觸PBDD/Fs的重要來源，而學齡孩童長時間待在教室，因此學校教室有可能是PBDD/Fs的主要來源。因此，本研究目的為調查三種類型灰塵樣品，包括小學(一般教室灰塵(NR)、電腦教室灰塵(CR))與幼兒園教室灰塵(KR)PBDD/Fs濃度，並進一步評估學齡孩童透過灰塵攝入PBDD/Fs之風險。本研究共採集屏東地區27件次教室灰塵，並利用高解析氣相層析質譜儀分析12種PBDD/Fs同構物濃度，NR、CR及KR之ΣPBDD/Fs平均值分別為4.27 ng/g、7.02 ng/g及2.63 ng/g，毒性當量濃度分別為0.0353、0.0571和0.0170 ng-WHO2005TEQ/g，這三種類型教室也沒有發現顯著的差異。而在一般教室中發現，電腦數量與濃度有非常顯著的相關性(p = 0.006)，表示電子產品可能是影響濃度的因子。進一步評估一般教室和幼兒園教室這兩種類型教室灰塵之每日攝入量、致癌風險及非致癌風險，結果顯示3~9歲學齡孩童經由灰塵攝入之風險評估皆無超過建議值。

關鍵字

多溴聯苯戴奧辛/呋喃 ； 教室灰塵 ； 風險評估 ； 小學 ； 幼兒園

並列摘要

Polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PBDD/Fs) are ubiquitous and persistent environmental contaminants which are highly associated with brominated flame retardants (BFRs). Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a class of BFRs which widely used in commercial BFRs products including Penta-, Octa, Deca-mixtures. Previous study demonstrated PBDEs as a precursor of PBDD/Fs and pyrolysis of some commercial BFRs have led to the formation and release of PBDD/Fs. Dust is an important sample of human non-dietary exposure to PBDD/Fs, especially for children. School classrooms maybe one of the major exposure sources for the school-age children to PBDD/Fs since they need to spend more times in their classrooms in each school day. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate concentrations of PBDD/Fs in three type of dusts sample including elementary school (Normal classroom (NR) and Computer classroom (CR))and kindergarten classroom (KR) dust to further assess the impact on the school-age children via dust ingestion. In the present study, 27 classroom dust samples were collected in Pingtung area and 12 PBDD/Fs congeners were measured in each dust sample by using high resolution gas chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry. The mean of ΣPBDD/Fs in NR, CR and KR were 4.27, 7.02 and 2.63 ng/g, respectively. Following to the toxic equivalents (TEQ) of World Health Organization in 2005 (WHO2005-TEQs), the mean of ΣPBDD/Fs TEQ were 0.0353, 0.0571 and 0.0170 ng-WHO2005TEQ/g. However, no significant differences were to be found in this study. The significant correlation between computer counts and PBDD/Fs (p = 0.006) were observed in this study. This result indicated electronic products maybe a potential influence factor corresponding with PBDD/Fs levels. To assess the risks (daily intake and cancer and non-cancer risks) of PBDD/Fs for the elementary school children from 3 to 6 and 6 to 9 years old through two type classroom dusts, the calculated risk values were not exceeded the thresholds.

並列關鍵字

polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PBDD/Fs) ； classroom dust ； risk assessment ； elementary school ； kindergarten

參考文獻

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