- 學位論文
楠溪林道水鹿啃食紅檜樹皮原因之探討
Factors Affecting Bark Stripping of Taiwan Red Cypress (Chamaecyparis formosensis) by Formosan Sambar Deer (Rusa unicolor swinhoii) along the Nanshi Forest Road
摘要
鹿科動物啃食樹皮的行為可能會造成樹木死亡而使森林鬱密度下降，進而改變森林結構。本研究目的在釐清台灣水鹿(Rusa unicolor swinhoii)啃食樹皮的行為與族群量、生活史週期及季節性遷移的相關性，並分析水鹿偏好樹種與何種樹皮內含物(粗蛋白、粗纖維、總糖、鈣、磷、鎂、縮合單寧)及物理性質(平均樹皮厚度、樹皮剝除難易度) 有關。本研究於2014年1月在楠梓仙溪林道的紅檜造林地標記1000棵紅檜，並架設自動相機。自2014年2月至2016年4月為止，每月計算新增的啃食痕跡，估計水鹿各性別、年齡及角週期的個體數。本研究也分析4種樹皮的內含物及11種樹皮的物理性質。所有類別的個體中，只有茸角期的公鹿個體數與啃食頻度有顯著相關(r = 0.817，P < 0.001)，其餘水鹿個體數、總族群量及季節性遷移等與啃食頻度無關。在一般線性模式中，水鹿對樹種的啃食偏好僅與樹皮的鈣含量成正比(F = 5.67，P = 0.041)，與其他內含物及物理性質無關，而兩種主要食草的鈣含量也低於樹皮。綜合以上結果，本研究認為台灣水鹿在楠溪林道啃食紅檜及其他樹皮的行為，可能是茸角期的水鹿為了獲取較高的鈣質而導致的結果。
並列摘要
Debarking behavior of cervids may kill trees and reduce the coverage of forests, which further changes forest structure. This research aims to reveal the correlations between the debarking behavior of Formosan sambar deer(Rusa unicolor swinhoii) and its population size, life cycle stage and seasonal movement, and also tried to explain Formosan sambar deer’s preference for tree species with bark contents(crude protein, crude fiber, total sugar, calcium, phosphorum, magnesium, condensed tannin) and physical properties(average thickness of the bark, difficulty of bark stripping). In January 2014 this research tagged 1,000 Taiwan red cypresses and set up camera traps in Taiwan red cypress plantations along the Nanshi forest road. Every month from February 2014 to April 2016, this research counted new debarking signs and estimated number of Formosan sambar of different sexes, ages and antler cycle stages. This research also analysed contents of bark from 4 tree species and physical properties of barks from 11 tree species. The debarking frequency was correlated positively and significantly with the number of males with velvets(r = 0.817，P < 0.001). Number of all other categories of individuals,population sizes and seasonal movement were not correlated with the debarking frequency. In general linear model, Formosan sambar deer’s preference for tree species was best explained by calcium contents in barks(F = 5.67，P = 0.041). Two major herbages for Formosan sambar deer contained less calcium than tree barks. This research argues that Formosan sambar deer eat barks of Taiwan red cypress and other tree species along Nanshi forest road to acquire calcium during the velvet stage.
參考文獻
延伸閱讀
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