- 學位論文
六堆客家祖牌紋飾的分析與應用
The Analysis and Application of The Patterns on Hakka Tombstones in Lui-Dui
摘要
客家祖牌在六堆地區的客家人心目中占有崇高之神聖地位，祖牌不僅是緬懷祖先時最具體的形象，同時也是家族脈系傳承的重要指標。客家祖牌是結合了木雕工藝與美學的手工藝製品，在木雕工藝中可說是豐富且多樣化的藝術作品。本計畫以六堆地區的客家祖牌作為研究主題，研究取樣區域則以萬巒鄉五溝村為中心，研究方法則以文獻分析法及實物分析法配合田野調查，探查六堆客家地區祖牌之木雕紋飾，彙整分析祖牌紋飾所蘊之客家文化意象；產業實務部分則以參與觀察法及深度訪談，瞭解祖牌製作過程與供需面，最後再以情境故事法將客家祖牌之紋飾應用在設計創意文化商品。本研究以祖牌紋飾分析作為出發點，嘗試藉由紋飾找尋客家意象，將客家文化的精神以文化加值與創意加分的概念進行設計應用，企圖在工藝產品與美學形象結合，觸動人們心底的記憶與感動。 本研究成果發現：ㄧ、從祖牌木雕紋飾的獨特性顯現客家特質。二、祖牌的外觀變異，使得傳統客家祖牌幾近消失。三、祖牌之木雕紋飾中，以鳳凰、牡丹、喜鵲、梅花最常見，而龍紋及雲紋極為罕見，並以創新的思維運用祖牌紋飾成為創意文化商品。四、祖牌構造的天部構圖，發展出重要特色如下：（一）、天部構圖發展出「黃金定律」；耳部則左右對稱，紋飾搭配沒有一定規則。（二）、天部構圖中，鳳凰必定與牡丹搭配，喜鵲則與牡丹、梅花或菊花搭配。（三）、鳳凰不論是何種姿態，頭部必定面對天部之主體（中央）。 將客家祖牌轉化為獨具地方文化特色的裝飾品，實際作法可分四部分，分別是調查、設計、生產及行銷等方面著手。未來研究建議：一、樹立客家特色商品的品牌形象，打造客家文化創意商品的獨特性。二、客家文化創意商品開發與研究。
並列摘要
The tombstone is greatly noble and holy to the Hakka people in Lui-Dui. It is not only the most concrete image to recall ancestors but the essential index of consanguinity. The Hakka Tombstones is a varied and marvelous handicraft made of woodcarving artistry and esthetic concept. The research subject is the Hakka tombstones in Lui-Dui district sampling from Wanluan Township. Through literature analysis, methods of practical analysis, and fieldwork to investigate the pattern on Hakka Tombstones in Lui-Dui and converge the symbol of Hakka culture. In industry structure, by Participant Observation and In-depth Interview Method realize the manufacturing process and marketing. Finally, apply the pattern on Hakka tombstones to originating and cultured goods. Take analysis of the pattern on tombstone as a start and attempts to find the Hakka symbol via it. By the way of culture and originality promotion, exalt the spirit of Hakka culture about designed application. Intend to combine handicraft and esthetic concept to touch people and arouse their deep memory. The results are: (1) the uniqueness of tombstone pattern appears the Hakka characteristic.(2) the traditional Hakka Tombstone are rare recently according to the appearance of tombstone are changing by time. (3) The dragon and cloud pattern are infrequent on the tombstone. Contrarily, phoenix, magpie, peony, and plum blossom are very common. With whole new thinking make the tombstone pattern become innovative and cultural merchandise. (4) The Tian-Bu composition of the tombstone structure has developed few characters as follows: First, The Tian-Bu composition forms the Golden Rule. The Er-Bu composition is symmetrical. And accessorial patterns are casual. Second, in accordance with the Tian-Bu composition, phoenix and peony must be paired. The magpie is paired with peony, plum blossom or orchid. Third, the head of phoenix faces the central Tian-Bu certainly. No matter what postures it is. There are four practicable ways to transfer the Hakka Tombstone to unique and cultural decoration: Investigation, Design, Manufacture, and Marketing. The further suggestions are: (1) Create well-known reputation of Hakka unique goods. (2) Expand and study the innovative and cultural merchandise of Hakka.