田間栽培蕃茄之作物係數及對缺水的反應

A Study of Crop Coefficient and Effect of Water Deficit on Field Grown Tomatoes

雷諾斯(Lennox Alexander Gladden)

指導教授 ： 王裕民 ； 謝清祥

國立屏東科技大學/農學院/熱帶農業暨國際合作系所/碩士(2011年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST.2011.00087

摘要

灌溉在世界人口的糧食生產中扮演著極為重要的角色，為使因缺水造成作物產量減少的風險降至最低，本研究目的在強調選擇適當參考蒸發散量（ETo）估算模型的重要性，並藉以制訂一個以蒸發散量（ET）為基礎的灌溉計畫，該計畫將用來評估在供水被限制的條件下，田間栽培蕃茄的生長反應。本研究共分為三個階段，第一階段將Blaney and Criddle（BCR）、 Hargreaves（HGR）及聯合國糧食暨農業組織（FAO）遺漏值處理程序等三模式與FAO Penman Monteith（FPM）模式作比較，評估各個模式在估算參考蒸發散量的可靠度，並針對參考蒸發散量與不同氣象因子進行敏感度分析，說明參考蒸發散量對作物需水量的影響；第二階段則利用土壤含水量監測（SMM）法測定作物耗水量並據以計算田間栽培蕃茄之作物係數，結果顯示作物生育初期、中期和末期之實際作物係數略低於FAO提供之對應作物係數，將第一階段及第二階段所得之參考蒸發散量模型與蕃茄作物係數的結果應用於第三階段，檢視在滴水式灌溉系統中，不同灌溉處理對蕃茄（L. esculentum Mill.，桃園亞蔬20號）生長與發育的影響，將缺水實驗應用於蕃茄生育初期（實驗組四）、發展期（實驗組三）、中期（實驗組二）及末期（實驗組一）與完全灌溉（對照組）做比較。實驗結果顯示，植株生長與果實的產量及
品質皆明顯受不同水分供應影響；作物生長前期施以缺水實驗之實驗組三及實驗組四，其葉片葉綠素含量和植株高度顯著較其他實驗組低。而缺水實驗對果實產量與品質的影響則明顯地表現於各組實驗中。

關鍵字

作物需水量 ； 番茄 ； 缺水灌溉 ； 氣象因子 ； 土壤含水量監測

並列摘要

Irrigated agriculture plays a vital role in the production of food for the world’s population. As a strategy to minimize the risk of crop failure, due to water scarcity, the aim of this research was to emphasize the importance of selecting the appropriate reference evapotranspiration (ETo) estimation model, to formulate a evapotranspiration (ET) based irrigation schedule. The schedule would be used to evaluate the response of field grown tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum) under water deficit conditions. To address the challenge, three studies were conducted: The first study compared the Blaney and Criddle (BCR), Hargreaves (HGR) and Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) missing data procedure to FAO Penman Monteith (FPM) model to evaluate the respective models reliability in estimating ETo. To account for the effect of ETo on ETc a sensitivity analysis was conducted between ETo and the various climatic variables required for its estimation. Within the second study the soil moisture monitoring (SMM) method was utilized to determine the crop coefficient of field grown tomatoes. Results showed the actual Kc during the initial, mid and late season of the crop growth stage, although slightly lower were in agreement with corresponding Kc provided by FAO. The results of modeling of ETo and the determination of tomatoes’ Kc were incorporated into the final to study to examine the effects of different irrigation regimes, on the growth and development of tomato (L. esculentum Mill. cv. Taoyuan ASVEG No.20) irrigated under a drip irrigation system. The experiment imposed water deficit at the initial (Trt4); developmental (Trt3); mid-season (Trt2); and the late stage of growth (Trt1) comparing the stages of growth to the fully irrigated control (Control). The results showed that plant growth, fruit production and quality were significantly affected under different water applications. The treatments (Trt3 and Trt4) which underwent water deficit earlier in their growth stage showed a significant reduction in leaf chlorophyll content and plant height as compared to the other treatments. The effect on fruit production and quality as a consequence of a water deficit was apparent among all treatments.

並列關鍵字

crop water requirement ； tomato ； deficit irrigation ； climatic variables ； soil moisture monitoring

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