- 學位論文
土壤水分含量對蕃茄生長的影響
The Effect of Soil Moisture Content on the Growth of Tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill)
摘要
本文以相同的灌溉水量分別以滴灌、180度微噴、360度噴霧等三種不同灌溉方式的土壤含水量與蕃茄作物生長期間的變化，進行紀錄分析。研究中以作物的葉面積指數(LAI)、葉綠素讀數(SPAD)與蕃茄的產量作為作物生長變化的指標。同時利用FAO-Penman-Monteith公式推估灌溉試驗場的參考蒸發散量(ETo)，並觀察土壤含水量的週期性變化進而推估作物耗水量與作物係數(kc)，探討水分與作物葉面積指數、葉綠素讀數之間的關係。 由本研究的結果顯示滴灌、180度微噴與360度噴霧等三種灌溉方式在表面土壤下10至30公分所造成的平均土壤含水量範圍分別為3.7%至6.7% 、 6.6%至11.7%與5.9%至9.4%。滴灌與180度微噴條件下的葉面積指數分別為5.47與5.73，其中360度噴霧條件下的葉面積指數為6.18，是三區中最高。180度微噴條件下的葉綠素讀數範圍為37.61至54.68是三區中最穩定的。在蕃茄產量方面，滴灌區生產的蕃茄總顆數為480顆總產量有87.48公斤，180度微噴區生產的蕃茄總顆數為573顆總產量為104.88公斤，360度噴霧區生產的蕃茄總顆數為744顆總產量為140.15 公斤， 360度噴霧區的蕃茄總產量是滴灌區的1.6倍，是180度微噴區的1.3倍。 以FAO-Penman-Monteith公式推估的參考蒸發散量(ETo)在作物全期內共需要328.12mm，作物係數(kc)在作物前期、生長期、中期、後期各為0.64、0.88、0.85、0.71。以參考蒸發散量(ETo)與作物葉面積指數(LAI)的判定係數R2為0.72，而參考蒸發散量(ETo)與作物葉綠素讀數(SPAD)的判定係數R2為0.67。
並列摘要
Pipe irrigation is the main irrigation method for upland crop and fruit tree in Taiwan. The relationship between water, soil and crop with different irrigation methods are essential and worth to be studied. In this study, we apply equal water quantity for three different irrigation methods to irrigate tomato, the three irrigation methods are: drip irrigation, 1800 Micro Sprinkler Irrigation and 3600 Mist Spray Irrigation, for investigating the influence of soil moisture content on the growth of tomato. Leaf area index(LAI), chlorophyll and yield of tomato are measured and taken into account as the growing index for relating to consumed crop water. Besides, crop coefficient of tomato is determined by using the ETo estimated from FAO-Penman-Monteith formula. The average range of moisture contents in the top 30 cm soil for Drip Irrigation, 1800 Micro Sprinkler Irrigation and 3600 Mist Spray Irrigation are 3.7%~6.7%, 6.6%~11.7% and 5.9%~9.4% respectively. For leaf area index of drip irrigation and 1800 Micro Sprinkler Irrigation are 5.47 and 5.73 while 3600 Mist Spray Irrigation is 6.18. For chlorophyll measured from 1800 Micro Sprinkler Irrigation are between 37.61至54.68 which is the most stable among the three irrigation methods. Moreover, the tomato yield from 3600 Mist Spray Irrigation is 1.6 times of Drip Irrigation, and 1.3 times of 1800 Micro Sprinkler Irrigation. The total ETo estimated by FAO-Penman-Monteith formula is 328.12mm, and the crop coefficients for earlier stage, growing stage, middle stage,and later stage are 0.64,0.88,0.85 and 0.71 respectively. The correlation between ETo and LAI is 0.72, and that between ETo and SPAD is 0.67.