幾丁聚醣覆膜對甘藷貯藏期間品質及碳水化合物代謝之影響

Effect on the qualities and carbohydrate metabolism of chitosan coating during storage of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) tuberous roots

陳炯良(Chiung-Liang Chen)

指導教授 ： 古明萱

國立屏東科技大學/農學院/農園生產系所/碩士(2011年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST.2011.00206

摘要

甘藷為在熱帶及亞熱帶地區一種重要的根莖作物。在台灣採收後常會邊貯藏邊利用達數月之久。然而在貯藏期間甘藷塊根品質會受到幾個因子影響，重量損失、腐爛及發芽均會造成品質和營養成份降低。本研究主要目的是探討覆膜對甘藷貯藏期間品質之變化。本研究分為三部分: (一)不同藥劑覆膜與覆膜時間對貯藏期間甘藷塊根品質之影響，(二)不同幾丁聚醣覆膜次數對貯藏期間甘藷塊根品質之影響，(三)覆膜對甘藷塊根貯藏期間酚酸含量之變化。
第一部分研究針對不同藥劑覆膜及浸泡時間對甘藷貯藏品質之影響。甘藷台農57號控制組，萌芽率、芽數、腐爛率、鮮重損失率及色差變化皆比藥劑處理顯著較高，並隨著貯藏時間而增加，而使用5 % 幾丁聚醣加0.75 %葡萄糖酸鈣 1分鐘或5分鐘其有最佳效果，其顏色變化會比控制組低，覆膜後澱粉含量、蔗糖、果糖及葡萄糖含量亦會顯著較控制組高，澱粉酶及蔗糖轉化酶亦會隨著貯藏時間增加而活性上升，覆膜可延緩酵素活性上升的時間。
第二部分研究為以5 % 幾丁聚醣加0.75 % 葡萄糖酸鈣經不同次數覆膜對貯藏期間塊根品質之影響。結果顯示經過2次及3次覆膜後其萌芽率、芽數、腐爛率、鮮重損失率、色差變化、澱粉酶活性及轉化酶活性均會顯著低於控制組。覆膜後澱粉含量、蔗糖含量、果糖含量及葡萄糖含量均會顯著較高。
第三部分為覆膜處理對甘藷塊根貯藏期間酚酸含量之變化，咖啡酸及氯原酸均會隨貯藏時間增加而增加，而以5 %幾丁聚醣加0.75 %葡萄糖酸鈣覆膜5分鐘其在第8週時咖啡酸及氯原酸含量均高於控制組，而2次及3次覆膜其咖啡酸及氯原酸含量均會高於控制組及1次覆膜處理，而且在貯藏後期能延緩酚酸含量之下降。

關鍵字

甘藷 ； 幾丁聚醣 ； 覆膜 ； 貯藏

並列摘要

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) is the main tuberous roots crop that grown in tropics and subtropics area. In Taiwan when properly stored, it will still be available for several months after harvest. However, the deterioration of storage life in sweet potato is effected by several factors which includes: weight loss, decay and sprouting which are reducing the quality and nutrient values. In this study three major objectives were: The first, to investigate the effect of different coating materials on the storage life of sweet potato. The second, to understand the effect of different times of chitosan coating different times on the storage life of sweet potato. The final, to determine the phenolic content of chitosan coating times on the storage of sweet potato.
The results of first study showed that the treatment of 5 % chitosan＋0.75 %calcium gluconate coating 1 or 5 min on Tainong 57 lead to the sprouting percentage, sprout number, sprout length, rotting percentage, percentage of fresh weight loss and color change lower than the control. But the coating treatments had the higher starch content, sucrose content, fructose content and glucose content. The activies of amylase and invertase were increased. The enzyme activites increase may delay by coating.
The results of second study showed that coating two times or three times of 5 % chitosan＋0.75 % calcium gluconate for 5min depressed sprouting percentage, sprout number, sprout length, rotting percentage, percentage of weight loss, color change, amylase activity and intervase activity which were significantly lower than the control. Starch content, sucrose content, fructose content and glucose content of coating treatment were significantly higher.
The results of third study showed that the caffeic acid and chlorgeic acid content increased with storage time. The treatment with 5 % chitosan＋0.75 %calcium gluconate coating lead to significant higher caffeic acid and chlorgenic acid content than the control. The two time and three time treatments of 5 % chitosan＋0.75 %calcium gluconate coating would cause the caffeic acid and chlorgenic acid content significant higher than the control and one time treatment in stored eight weeks. The chitosn coating treatment could reduced the penolic acid content in the final storage time.

並列關鍵字

sweet potato ； chitosan ； coating ； storage

參考文獻

行政院農業委員會。2009。農業統計年報。台北市。台灣。

Abbasi, K. S., N. Anjum, S. Sammi, T. Masud, and S. Ali. (2011) Effect of coatings and packaging material on the keeping quality of mangoes (Mangifera indica L.) Stored at Low Temperature. Pak. J. Nutr. 10: 129-138.

Afek, U., and J. Orenstein. (2003) Decreased sweet potato decay during storage by steam treatments. Crop Prot. 22: 321-324.

Afek, U., J. Orenstein, and E. Nuriel. (1998) Increased quality and Prolonged storage of sweet potato in Israel. Phytoparasitica 26: 307-312.

Afoakwa, E. O., and S. Sefa-Dedeh (2002) Changes in rheological properties and amylase activities of trifoliate yam (Dioscorea dumetorum), starch after harvest. Food Chem. 77: 285-291.