台灣南部地區犬隻重要人畜共通傳染病之分子流行病學研究

Molecular Epidemiological Survey of Zoonoses in Domestic Dogs and Stray Dogs in Southern Taiwan

馮宗宏(Tsung-Hung Feng)

指導教授 ： 廖明輝

國立屏東科技大學/農學院/獸醫學系所/碩士(2012年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST.2012.00255

摘要

狗的弓蟲、心絲蟲、萊姆病、鉤端螺旋體和Q熱是重要的人畜共通傳染病。這些人畜共通傳染病遍及全世界，造成人類和動物經濟重大損失。本研究的目的是在於了解人畜共通傳染病在南部地區犬隻不同年齡、性別、品種、季節、家犬與流浪犬之陽性率及流行病學。本實驗所使用之材料來源為南部地區家犬及流浪犬血液樣本。應用聚合酶鏈鎖反應（PCR）的技術，偵測弓蟲、心絲蟲、萊姆病、鉤端螺旋體和Q熱的基因，在PCR檢測基因的敏感性方面，其結果可測病原基因至1-100 pg/μL，顯示特異性引子對具有高度的敏感性。以PCR檢測五種病原的特異性方面，皆具專一性。其陽性率五種疾病分別為弓蟲病0.14%（2/1440）、心絲蟲病7.08%（102/1440）、萊姆病0.07% （1/1440）、鉤端螺旋體0.07%（1/1440）、Q熱4.79%（69/1440）。依據本實驗統計分析結果顯示，犬心絲蟲與年齡、家犬及流浪犬有相關性，年齡越大犬隻感染心絲蟲可能性越高，流浪犬在外較容易被病媒蚊叮咬，陽性率大於家犬，南部四季溫度差異不大，每季都有多種病媒蚊媒介，因此心絲蟲與季節無相關性。犬Q熱與年齡、季節、家犬及流浪犬有相關性，Q熱在春季與冬季陽性率最高，應與繁殖季節有關，造成病原菌之擴散。
在比較其親源關係方面，本實驗弓蟲陽性株與美國、德國、巴西、中國株相似度達98.7%。心絲蟲陽性株與台灣、中國株相似度達95-97%，伊朗相似度89-94%。萊姆病陽性株與美國、德國、瑞典相似度達97-98%。鉤端螺旋體陽性株與中國、巴西、美國、日本株相似度達98.5-99.5%。Q熱陽性株與日本、韓國、美國相似度達97-100%。此結果可提供相關單位對流行性疾病防治和公共衛生上參考依據。

關鍵字

弓蟲 ； 心絲蟲 ； 萊姆病 ； 鉤端螺旋體 ； Q熱 ； 聚合酶鏈鎖反應

並列摘要

Toxoplasmosis, Dirofilariasis, Lyme disease, Leptospirosis and Q fever are important worldwide zoonotic diseases and cause the great loss of economy. The specific aim of this research is to understand the prevalene and epidemiology of zoonotic diseases in Kaohsiung under different factors like age, sex, breed, season, domestic dogs and stray dogs. Blood specimens were collected and subjected to Polymerase Chain Reaction（PCR）to examine the occurrance of these disease. The PCR was revelaed specificity and sensitivity of detection of pathogen DNA. The positive rate of each diseases was as followed: Toxoplasmosis was 0.14% (2/1440), Dirofilariasis was 7.08% (102/1440), Lyme disease was 0.07% (1/1440), Leptospirosis was 0.07% (1/1440), and Q fever was 4.79% (69/1440). According to the statistical analysis, Dirofilariasis infection related with ages, domestic dogs and stray dogs. The elder dogs with higher infected possibility. The stray dogs stung by vector mosquito more easily, thus with higher infection rate than domestic dogs. The environmental temperature was relatively stable in the south of Taiwan, thus, the infection of Dirofilariasis was irrelevant to seasons. Q fever infection was related with ages, seasons and domestic dogs and stray dogs. The highest infection of Q fever was in spring and winter, it should be possible related with reproduction and the spread of pathogens.
By comparsion of gene sequence between isolated strain with the United States, Germany, Brazil, China strain showed a similarity of 98.7%. Heartworm positive strains of Taiwan with China and Iran strain showed similarity of 95-97% and 89-94% respectively. Lyme disease positive strains compared with the United States, Germany, Sweden strain revelaed a similarity of 97-98%. Leptospira positive strains compared with China, Brazil, United States, Japan strain showed a similarity of 98.5-99.5%. Q fever positive strains compared with Japan, Korea, the United States strain showed a similarity of 97-100%.Taken together these results couldbe the useful information for epidemic disease prevention .

並列關鍵字

Toxoplasmosis ； Dirofilariasis ； Lyme disease ； Leptospirosis ； Q fever ； Polymerase Chain Reaction

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