以地文因子評估崩塌潛勢之研究

Study on the Landslide Potential Using Geographical Index

江泉鋒(Cyuan-fong Jiang)

指導教授 ： 李明熹

國立屏東科技大學/農學院/食品科學系所/碩士(2012年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST.2012.00262

摘要

臺灣位處於板塊擠壓之處，以至地質條件不良且地震頻繁，加上位居颱風經常經過之路徑上，颱風豪雨頻襲，在山區時常發生山崩、地滑、土石流等災害，嚴重威脅坡地居民生命及財產之安全。2009年8月6日至10日莫拉克颱風侵襲臺灣，在中南部地區造成嚴重之崩塌災害，尤其以高屏溪流域最為嚴重。
儘管過去文獻已經廣泛探討過利用地文因子來評估崩塌發生潛勢度，但對地文因子間的獨立性及其與崩塌發生之量化關係探討則相對較少。本文以臺灣南部高屏溪流域98個集水區為例，藉由統計方法檢定13個地文因子間獨立性，利用模糊理論中隸屬度的概念，建立8個代表性地文因子之量化函數，以層次分析法量化每個代表性地文因子與崩塌發生關係之影響權重，建立集水區崩塌發生潛勢指標PI，文中利用韋伯分佈將其分成低中高三種不同崩塌發生潛勢程度，建立集水區崩塌發生潛勢空間分佈圖。
文中以莫拉克及凡那比颱風事件，進行本文所發展的集水區崩塌發生潛勢指標應用，透過相關性分析檢定PI值與崩塌率之相關性。研究結果顯示，本文所發展的方法能簡單並有效的呈現集水區崩塌發生的潛勢度，且PI值與崩塌率有中度正相關之關係，本文之研究成果可以做為未來坡地防災應用之參考依據。

關鍵字

崩塌 ； 莫拉克颱風 ； 高屏溪流域 ； 潛勢度

並列摘要

As Taiwan is located at the compressed plate, bad geologic setting & frequent earthquake. And that Taiwan is located in the passing route of typhoon, so horrible typhoons and torrential rainfalls, which cause landslide, debris flow, and mudflow, etc. These horrible disasters seriously threaten the safety of the residents live and property. Typhoon Morakot struck Taiwan from 6th to 10th August, 2009 and caused serious damage in the middle and southern part of Taiwan. Under the effect of rainfall type with high intensity and long duration, it had been causing server damage especially in GaoPing drainage area.
While the potential landslide occurrence evaluated by physiographical factors has been extensively investigated, the independence of physiographical factors and the quantification relationship between physiographical factors and landslide occurrence are relatively unexplored. Using 98 debris-flow-prone streams within Gaoping river watershed in southern Taiwan as an example, the independence of physiographical factors were analyzed by statistical method. The quantification functions of the physiographical factors were established by using the fuzzy statistics method. Aside from these, each weighed value related to landslide occurrence for the physiographical factors was estimated by using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (A.H.P.). The product of the weighting values and the quantification values for the physiographical factors is defined as a landslide potential index (PI), mentioned in this paper, is using the Weibull distribution which divided into (low, medium & high) three different landslide potential index, and mapping the landslide potential index in the small watersheds.
To excerpt from the events of Typhoon Morakot and Typhoon Fanapi, this paper is developed by applying (landslide potential index in watershed), through (correlation analysis) to check the ratio between PI value and the landslide ratio. Hence, this particular research can easily and effectively demonstrate the level of landslide potential in watershed area. Moreover, the PI value has moderately positively correlation with landslide ratio. Thus, this research paper can be a handful tool for slope disaster prevention.

並列關鍵字

Landslide ； Typhoon Morakot ； Gaoping river watershed ； Potential

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