台灣稻米調製技術發展之研究

台灣的稻作生產技術十分精良，從整地到收穫、儲藏、加工等各種機械，都進入自動化，而這些有關稻作生產至加工的專論書籍可說相當多；但是對於台灣傳統碾米技術演進專論之書籍較少，因此擬以這方向來探討。要了解目前台灣傳統碾米技術演進研究，有以下的搜集：（1）尋找製造碾米機械專家或學者等；（2）有技術報告或記錄的文章加以彙集；（3）參觀碾米廠的傳統機械及訪談碾米廠老闆；（4）新科技的碾米機發明與更新，碾製功能已趨於自動化。由於傳統碾米機械都被丟棄荒置，甚至於以廢鐵價販賣，幸有保護文化工作者，收集、修護、保存提供參觀而倖存，就如屏東六堆客家文物館所展示之碾米器具，是由歸來碾米廠捐獻。國立屏東科技大學農機具陳列館也收集部分，提供教學與展示等等。本研究發現，碾米技術的演進，（1）在稻米碾製上，碾製米量在單位時間上由少至多，碾製米粒之損傷率由多進而少；而快速碾米時，又不影響米粒的質感（口感）。碾製時程縮短，降低成本，真空包裝使保存期限延長，並且提高較佳口感及品質；（2）在碾製機械的機件結構上，由繁多而笨重機件改良為短少敏捷機件；龐大機械改良為獨立精巧，使碾製快，其米之品質口感一樣佳。本研究加以記載這些機械與技術，讓後代們知悉先人們，在台灣碾米技術發展中，其智慧的結晶與辛路歷程。關鍵字：土礱、土礱間、礱穀機、碾米、碾米機。

關鍵字

土礱；土礱間；礱穀機；碾米；碾米機

並列摘要

Thanks to the advanced rice cultivation technology in Taiwan, agricultural machinery for use in farming, such as land preparation, harvesting, and storage, has been fully automated. There are quite a few monographs and books about rice production and processing, but those about the evolution of traditional milling technology in Taiwan are scarce. As a result, this thesis focuses on this aspect of rice cultivation. Data are collected from the following sources for this research on the evolution of Taiwan’s traditional milling technology: (1) rice huller mechanics or scholars, (2) collation of articles with technical reports or records, (3) visits to mills to look at traditional hullers and interviews with mill owners (4) newly-invented high-tech rice hullers, whose compact size and multiple functions have led to the abandonment of traditional hullers. Some old hullers are sold at the price of scrap iron, but some are able to survive and be publicly displayed after being repaired by cultural conservationists: the rice miller donated by Guilai Mill in Pingtung County Hakka Museum is an example. Here are discoveries made in this research about advancements in milling technology. (1) The earliest improvement was the increase of the paddy-to-rice conversion rate. After this, attention was turned to reducing the amount of broken rice grains. Then a higher milling speed could be achieved without any impact on grain quality (flavor). At a later stage, an automation system was introduced so that the entire milling process was shortened, and the costs reduced. Vacuum-packed rice has a longer shelf life and better flavor and quality. (2) In terms of huller parts, complicated and heavy parts were replaced by compact and light ones, and efforts were made to transform gigantic machines into small-sized standalone devices which can achieve a higher milling speed while retain the quality and flavor of rice. By recording these machines and technologies, the writer intends to show to posterity how our ancestors took pains to innovate new methods in the history of Taiwan’s milling technology. Keywords: Husker, Husker-room, Milling, Huller, Mill