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  • 學位論文

利用微衛星基因座變異探討臺東鸞山地區臺灣穿山甲(Manis pentadactyla pentadactyla)之親屬關係與社會結構

The Kinship and Social Structure of the Formosan Pangolin (Manis pentadactyla pentadactyla) in Luanshan, Taitung, Based on Microsatellite Variations

指導教授 : 裴家騏 洪國翔

摘要


本研究利用微衛星DNA分子標誌物進行遺傳變異分析,並結合無線電追蹤所得之個體空間分佈模式,探討臺灣穿山甲(Manis. pentadactyla pentadactyla)族群內親屬關係。自2009年04月-2013年05月,共收集臺東鸞山地區穿山甲血液樣本54隻(29雄、25雌),其中包含2009-2013年長期追蹤個體7隻(3雄、4雌)。無線電追蹤資料顯示,同期部分個體活動範圍多有重疊。以10組微衛星基因座分析54隻穿山甲遺傳訊息,每個基因座對偶基因數目為2-8個,平均為4.8個,異型合子平均觀測值(Ho)為0.533,異型合子平均理論值(He)為0.603,FIS近親係數平均值為0.083,顯示當地穿山甲可能有近親交配的情況。遺傳結構結果顯示,未發現有遺傳分化的跡象。進一步以ML-relate分析個體間親屬關係,並搭配個體捕捉時之年齡、性別與體重資料,發現54隻個體配對關係中共279對具有親屬關係,其中166對具全手足關係(兄弟41對、姊妹36對、兄妹55對、姊弟34對)、107對半手足關係(兄弟23對、姊妹30對、兄妹36對、姊弟18對)和6對親子關係(父子1對、父女2對、母子1對、母女2對)。綜觀上述資料,活動範圍重疊之個體具有全手足或半手足關係者,之間是否為繁殖配對則尚未確定。另外,根據生態以及遺傳資訊分析個體間親屬關係,並依照彼此間親子、全手足與半手足關係推論當地穿山甲生殖率高,可能主要的婚配制度為一夫多妻,另外,亦發現單一雌性在不同生殖季與不同雄性交配生產,呈現短期配對關係的現象。

並列摘要


Variations of microsatellites and the spatial relationship among individuals based on radio tracking were used to assess the kinship of a Formosan pangolin (Manis. pentadactyla pentadactyla) population. From April, 2009 to May, 2013, blood samples of 54 individuals (29 males and 25 females) were collected from Luanshan, Taitung. Among others, 3 males and 4 females have been radio-tracked since 2009, and their home ranges were mostly overlapped. Number of alleles of the 10 microsatellites loci analysed in this study ranged from 2 to 8 (mean=4.8). The mean observed heterozygosity (Ho) and expected heterozygosity (He) was 0.533 and 0.603, respectively. The mean FIS was 0.083, suggested possible case of within population inbreeding. No significantly genetic differentiation was detected in Luanshan population. The ML-relate program and individual information (e.g. age, sex and weight) were used to assess kinship among these individuals. A total of 279 pairs, of kin relationships were found, including 166 full-sibling pairs (41 brothers, 36 sisters, 55 older brother/sister and 34 older sister/brother), 107 half-sibling pairs (23 brothers, 30 sisters, 36 older brother/sister and 18 older sister/brother), and 6 parent-offspring relationships (1 father/son, 2 father/daughter, 1 mother/son and 2 mother/daughter). Some individuals with full-sibling or half-sibling relationships were overlap in their home ranges, but their mating status can’t be confirmed. The mating system of pangolins might prefer polygyny, but female individuals were found to form temperally pairing and mat with different males in difference seasons.

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