影響蛇類頭鱗觸覺感受器數量及大小之生態及親緣因子探討

中文摘要學號:M10318028 論文名稱:影響蛇類頭鱗觸覺感受器數量及大小之生態及親緣因子探討總頁數:76 學校名稱:國立屏東科技大學系別:生物科技系畢業時間及摘要別:一百零七學年度第二學期碩士論文摘要指導教授:蔡添順研究生:王柏燊論文摘要內容: 蛇蛻在乾燥狀態下容易保存，也利於進行一些光學上的研究，例如型態觀察、反光度；在不干擾蛇類的情況下是一種很好的研究材料。本研究探討129種蛇類頭部鱗片觸覺感受器形值(數目、平均直徑、總截面積)於不同親緣(蚺科、游蛇科、眼鏡蛇科、蟒科、蝰科、屋蛇科、水蛇科、鈍頭蛇科)、棲地(陸棲、穴居、水棲、半水棲、樹棲)、食性(外溫動物、內溫動物、無脊椎動物、魚)之差異性。本研究假設1)體型較大蛇類的感受器數目或大小可能較大；2)獵捕活躍程度較高的食物(如鼠類或鳥類)之蛇類，為了能在短時間正確判斷獵物方位，應有較多或較大的感受器；3)獵捕水生動物的(半)水棲蛇類對於感受獵物在水中震動而產生的波動需要較為靈敏，因此其感受器的數目或大小可能較大；4)穴居蛇種的感覺器可能較其他蛇種的感受器粗大；5)不同親緣的蛇類感受器形值亦應有差異。結果顯示同一物種的蛇之觸覺感受器的平均直徑與總截面積均會隨著體型大小而變大。主食為內溫動物的蛇種頭鱗觸覺感受器之數目、平均直徑、總截面積均大於主食為無脊椎動物者。穴居蛇種頭鱗觸覺感受器之數目、總截面積小於其他棲地類型者，而感受器之平均直徑於各棲地類型間無顯著差異性。蝰科蛇種頭鱗觸覺感受器之數目明顯較黃頷蛇、蟒蛇科者少；蝮蛇科觸覺感受器之平均直徑則較大。親緣迴歸模型分析的結果顯示預測觸覺感受器數目的較佳模式因子包含科別、棲息地、食性或鱗片面積。預測感受器平均直徑的較佳模式因子則只包含頭鱗面積，而不包含頭鱗大小以外的其他因子。關鍵字：蛇蛻、形質、顯微測量、食性、棲地、親緣迴歸分析

關鍵字

蛇蛻；形質；顯微測量；食性；棲地；親緣迴歸分析

並列摘要

Abstract Student ID : M10318028 Title : A study on the ecological and phylogenetic factors affecting the number and size of mechanoreceptors on cranial scales of snakes Total page : 76 Name of institute : Department of Biological Science of Technology Graduate date : July, 2018 Degree conferred : Master Name of student : Bo-Shen Wang Adviser : Dr. Tein-Shun Tsai Contents of abstract in this thesis : Snake shed skins can be preserved in a dry state and used in some optical studies, such as morphological observation and measurement of reflectivity or hydrophobicity, without disturbing the snakes. This study compared the morphometric traits (number, average diameter, total cross-sectional area) of mechanoreceptors on the cranial scales of 129 snake species for different families (Boidae, Colubridae, Elapidae, Pythonidae, Viperidae, Lamprophiidae, homalopsidae, Pareidae), habitats (terrestrial, fossorial, aquatic, semi-aquatic, arboreal), food habits (ectotherms, endotherms, invertebrates, fish). This study assumed that 1) the number or size of mechanoreceptors are larger in bigger snakes; 2) snakes hunting for highly active prey (such as rodents or birds) should have more, larger mechanoreceptors to correctly determine the prey orientation in a short time; 3) aquatic or semi-aquatic snakes hunting for aquatic prey may have more mechanoreceptors to facilitate detecting the fluctuations from the prey in water; 4) fossorial snakes may have thicker mechanoreceptors; 5) the morphometric traits of mechanoreceptors of different snake relatives should also be different. The results showed that the average diameter and total cross-sectional area of the mechanoreceptors in the same species varied with snake body size. The total number, average diameter, and total cross-sectional area of the mechanoreceptors on snakes feeding on endotherms were larger than those feeding on the invertebrates. The total number and cross-sectional area of the mechanoreceptors of fossorial snakes were smaller than those with other habitat types, while the average diameter of the receptors was not significantly different among habitat types. The number of mechanoreceptors in viperids was significantly lower than that in colubrids or pythons; the average diameter of the receptors of viperids was larger. The results of phylogenetic regression modelling showed that the preferred model factors for predicting the number of mechanoreceptors included family, habitat, food type or cranial scale area. The preferred model factors for predicting the average diameter of the receptors was only the cranial scale area, and did not include other factors. Key words：snake shed skin, morphometric trait, microscopic measurement, prey, habitat, phylogenetic regression modelling