肥效性有機材質用於強酸性土壤改良之研究

台灣氣候高溫多雨，土壤淋溶作用強烈，溶解及帶走大部分可溶解的礦物，故土壤呈弱酸至酸性，土壤pH值介於6.0-6.5之間最適合種植蔬菜類。改良酸性土壤的方法，包括施用有機質資材、石灰性資材等。石灰性資材尚未普及前，環境中所能取得的農業廢棄物(有機質資材)是肥田的唯一物料，當石灰性資材價格便宜後，因效果迅速、體積小、施用方便，因此有機質資材的使用被大量取代。近年來，由於石灰性資材造成部分養分累積、微量要素缺乏，導致土壤毒害物累積，因此，有機質資材再度受到重視。本研究探討有機質資材之蚯蚓糞、台肥生技5號、有夠肥7號及苦土石灰施用量，對於土壤性質、小白菜及蕹菜(以下稱空心菜)生育之影響。研究結果顯示，添加蚯蚓糞及兩種有機質肥料，使土壤pH上升，同時也增加土壤通透性及有機質含量，從小白菜生長情形來觀察，相對於原土株高及產量分別增加了108%及467%，因此以蚯蚓糞來改良是可行的，而且以推廣使用量(151kg/ha)添加苦土石灰之比例為最適合，從空心菜生長情形來觀察，添加推廣使用量(151kg/ha)加上苦土石灰之株高相對於推廣使用量(151kg/ha)無添加苦土石灰增加5%，添加建議使用量(118kg/ha)之產量相對於推廣使用量(151kg/ha)增加了32%，以株高來比較，無法明顯提高其生長情形，若以產量來比較，建議使用量之比例為最適合。

關鍵字

酸性土壤；蚯蚓糞；有機質資材；小白菜；空心菜

並列摘要

Taiwan’s climate is hot and rainy, and the soil has a strong leaching effect. It dissolves and takes away most of the soluble minerals, therefore, the soil is weakly acidic to acidic. The optimum soil pH for vegetable cultivation is between 6.0-6.5. Methods of improving acid soil include the application of organic materials and calcareous materials. Before the popularization of calcareous materials, the agricultural waste (organic materials) available in the environment was the only material in fertile fields. When calcareous materials were cheap, the effect was rapid, the size was small, and the application was convenient. Therefore, the use of organic materials was restricted. A large number of replacements. In recent years, due to the accumulation of some nutrients and the lack of trace elements caused by calcareous materials, the accumulation of soil poisons has led to the accumulation of organic materials (agricultural waste).This study explored the effects of organic materials such as vermicompost, Taifei Biotech No. 5, Yougou No. 7 and the application of bitter soil lime on soil properties, growth of pakchoi and water spinach.The results of the study showed that the addition of vermicompost manure and two organic fertilizers increased soil pH, and also increased soil permeability and organic matter content. From the perspective of the growth of pakchoi, the plant height and yield increased by 108% and respectively compared with the original soil. 467%. Therefore, it is feasible to use earthworm manure to improve, and the proportion of bitter soil lime added to the general usage amount (160kg/ha) is the most suitable. From the growth situation of water spinach, add the general usage amount (160kg/ha) to add The plant height of the upper bitter soil lime is increased by 5% relative to the amount of non-added bitter soil lime used in the general, and the output of the recommended usage amount is increased by 32% relative to the amount of general used. Compared with the height of the plant, the growth situation cannot be significantly improved. If compared by output, it is recommended that the ratio of the use amount is the most suitable.