莫拉克災後住民居住生活品質現況初探－以慈濟援建永久屋社區為例

本研究為探究2009 年莫拉克颱風災後永久屋社區住民生活現況，探究永久屋社區住民在「生活條件」、「生活品質」及「社區自主」各面向間之關係與影響，並進而探究提昇災後永久屋社區生活品質的預測因子。本研究以世界衛生組織所提出生活品質之定義及Paton（2008）提出之社區自主理論（Community engagement）做為理論基礎，將「社區自主」分為「社區意識」、「社區參與」、「社會支持」、「培力」、「信任感」及「地方依附」等面向進行研究，並採用生活品質及社區自主理論國內外相關問卷進行問卷編製，經專家效度檢驗後採自填式問卷方式進行施測，以分層抽樣方式於杉林慈濟大愛園區、長治百合園區、新來義永久屋社區進行問卷調查，共蒐集有效問卷297份，並經由項目分析、探索性因素分析以檢驗本問卷各面向信效度，再以次數分配表、交叉表、獨立樣本t檢定、獨立樣本單因子變異數分析、皮爾遜積差相關分析及多元逐步迴歸分析進行「個人背景」、「生活條件」、「生活品質」及「社區自主」各面向間之關係及預測力探究。研究發現「社區自主」各面向（包含「社區意識」、「社區參與」、「社會支持」、「培力」、「信任感」、「地方依附」）與「生活品質」均有顯著相關，而其中「社區意識」及「信任感」對「生活品質」具有預測力，因而提出「鼓勵永久屋社區住民參與社區活動」、「政府單位應致力於提昇永久屋社區住民信任感並完善法令未盡事宜」等建議。

關鍵字

生活品質；莫拉克風災；社區自主

並列摘要

This study is to explore the current state of the quality of life of residents in post-Morakot permanent housing communities. The relations and influences among “Living conditions”, “Quality of Life”, and “Community Engagement” are analyzed in this study to find out predictive factors of promoting quality of life on the residents who live in post-Morakot permanent housing communities. This study is based on the definition of “Quality of Life” that proposed by World Health Organization (WHO) and the theory of Community Engagement that proposed by Paton (2008) which includes 6 aspects, that are “Sense of community” , ”Community participation” , ”Social support”, “Empowerment”, “Trust” and “Place attachment”. This study used the questionnaires related to life quality and community engagement theory. After the expert validity test, the self-filled questionnaires were used for the survey. The stratified sampling method was used to collect data in the Shan Lin Da Ai, Chang Jr Bai He and the Lai Yi Permanent Housing Community. This survey conducted 297 effective questionnaires. Testing the reliability and validity of the questionnaire, the item-analysis and the exploratory factor analysis are used. After deleting unqualified variables, frequency distribution table, cross table, independent sample t-test, one-way independent ANOVA, Pearson product-moment correlation analysis and multiple stepwise regression analysis are used to analyze the relationship and influences among each aspects of “personal conditions”, “living conditions”, “quality of life”, and “community engagements”. The study found that “community engagement” (including “Sense of community” , ”Community participation” , ”Social support”, “Empowerment”, “Trust” and “Place attachment”) is significantly related to “quality of life”. Among those aspects, “Sense of community” and “trust” have predictability on "Quality of Life" of residents live in permanent housing communities. And therefore proposed the suggestion of (1) encourage residents living in permanent housing communities to participate in community activies, (2) government should pay more attention on promoting residents’s trust and issues that regulations havn’t been solved .