原鄉兒少家庭的照顧風險之研究-以屏東縣春日鄉為例

鑑於主流的風險家庭定義傾向於因家庭缺點而來，較少研究以部落觀點來看兒少家庭照顧的風險因素。因此本研究從原鄉部落兒童及少年之照顧者觀點，來探討原鄉兒少家庭照顧的風險因子樣貌，進而探討原鄉兒少照顧者的照顧需求，及他們期待公私部門、部落的協助為何。本研究以民族誌為理論導向，採一對一深度訪談進行資料蒐集。在2019年4-5月訪談八名兒少照顧者，透過主題分析法以整體方式呈現原鄉兒少家庭照顧的風險因子樣貌。結果發現，兒少有多樣化的發展風險、兒少特質與行為管教不易的風險因素。主要照顧者在照顧知能缺乏感到無所適從，加上身心理因不利於照顧，以及照顧者個人發展與親職工作的兩難，使其照顧者照顧負荷重。原鄉兒少家庭仍保有vusam為主體的家庭結構，非正式支持是主要照顧支持來源。家庭面臨代間共職、隔代教養的挑戰。部落環境因素則有變遷中的vusam制度影響家庭結構、社區特殊生活型態導致風險多元、以及文化視野差異下的照顧制度不符部落需求。兒少照顧者期盼建立屬於部落托育資源，打造部落不同群體友善的空間，建立個案管理定期訪視、提供家庭增能服務，強化多元及高度可親性的的宣導方式。根據上述研究發現，分成三個層面的建議：首先，.成立部落的兒少照顧資源，包括部落兒少照顧的硬體設備增設或修繕，並協助在照顧人、物力上的增能和培力，辦理不同人口群適地性、可親性的增能課程或活動。第二，建立多元且可近性、高度親和度的福利訊息管道，以促進照顧資源的使用率。第三，活化無處不在的vusam作用力，成為部落照顧直接提供服務，部落共同照顧的精神延續。

關鍵字

原鄉；風險因素；兒少家庭

並列摘要

Given that the mainstream definition of risky family tends to come from family weaknesses, there is little research on the risk factors of family care for children and youth from tribal perspectives. Therefore, this study explores the risk factors of taking care for children and youth from the perspective of tribal caregivers. And to explores their needs and expectations for the assistance of government, private sectors and tribes. This research takes ethnography as the theoretical-oriented and adopts one-on-one depth interviews to collect data. Eight caregivers of children and youth was Interviewed in April-May 2019 to present the risk factors of family care for children and youth in the tribal village through thematic analysis. The results found children and youth have risks factors on diversified developments, characteristics and not easy to discipline on behaviors. The main caregiver feels at a loss on the lack of caring knowledge and abilities, coupled with physical and psychological factors that are not conducive to care, and the dilemma between caregiver's personal development and parental work, which makes caregivers burdened. The families with children and youth in the tribal village still maintain the family structure with “vusam” as the main body, and the main resource of care support is informal. Families face the challenge of inter-generational co-working and upbringing. Tribal environmental factors include the changing vusam system that affects the family structure, the special life style of the community leads to multiple risks, and the care system under cultural differences does not meet the needs of the tribe. Caregivers of children and youth look forward to establishing childcare resources belonging to the tribe, creating a friendly space for different groups of the tribe, establishing regular visits of case management, providing family enhancement services, and strengthening multiple and highly amiable ways of advocacy. Based on the above research findings come up three levels of recommendations: First, Establish tribal children’s care resources, including the addition or repair of hardware equipment, assist in the enhancement and training of people and material resources , and hold locality and affinity training courses or activities for different population groups. Second, establish welfare information dissemination methods with cultural translation to promote the utilization rate of care resources. Third, activate the ubiquitous force of vusam to provide directly care services and become the continuation of the spirit of tribal mutual care.