應用專利分析探討台灣微生物農藥之技術發展

農藥與農事密不可分，過度使用農藥則帶來環境破壞以及食安問題，因此國內越發重視安全無毒的飲食。然因我國地形氣候之故，病蟲害層出不窮，在注重飲食安全以及減少化學農藥的施用下，微生物農藥因應而生且需求增加。本論文分析專利及博碩士論文探討我國產學研三方在微生物農藥上的發展。檢索我國經濟部智智慧財產局專利資料庫2018年7月24日之前20年間之專利，篩選過後獲得與本研究相關專利共61筆；檢索博碩士論文網中2018年8月15日之前20年間之學位論文，篩選過後獲得與本研究相關論文共96篇。研究結果發現產業界多是的專利數領先學研界，且產業界多是國外企業來台申請之專利。在校院研究領域發現「中興大學」有最多的研究成果，科系統計以「生物科技」為主要科系。技術功效矩陣顯示產業界發展重點為「成品使用技術」中的「農藥混配/組合物」技術，屬於產業鏈後端技術。學研單位及學位論文則以「微生物潛力研發」中的「微生物開發」技術居多，屬於產業鏈前端技術。在微生物研究方面發現，產業界僅有「芽孢桿菌屬」上的應用；而學研單位以及學位論文研究上不僅有「芽孢桿菌屬」的研究更有多樣的微生物研發成果。最後作者分析現有的上市產品以及技術轉移整理歸納出管理意涵，建議為了技術提升可多採用共同研發以及技術轉移，補足產業界在產業鏈前端技術「微生物開發」的不足，並且建議產業界應多嘗試多樣的微生物，如「木黴菌屬」、「鏈黴菌屬」的應用，以做為開發新產品的利基。

關鍵字

微生物農藥；產學研組織；專利分析；學位論文

並列摘要

Pesticides are inextricably linked to agriculture. Excessive use of pesticides will bring environmental damage and food safety problems. Therefore, Taiwan government pays more attention to safe and non-toxic diets. Due to the topographical climate, pests and diseases are endless. In order to reduce the use of chemical pesticides and to improve the safety of agricultural produces, the demand of microbial pesticides has arisen. This thesis analyes patents and thesis to explore the technology development of microbial pesticides in Taiwan. 61 patents, dated from July 25, 1998 through July 24, 2018 are collected, as well as 96 thesis. The results show that the number of patents from the industry is leading the academic and research organizations. Most of the industrial patents are grauted to foreign companies. It is also found that "National Chung Hsing University" has the most research results. The "Biotechnology" group is the leading department of technology development. The technology-function matrix shows that the industry focus on the back-end application technologies, such as "Pesticide blending/Composition" of "Product use technology". The research and academic institutes focus on the "Microbial development" of "Microbial potential research and development", the front-end technologies. In the domain of microbiology research, it is found that the industries have applications of "Bacillus" only. But the academic and research institutes conduct the development not only on "Bacillus", but also with various microorganisms. The author, based upon the existing products and technology transfer, summarizes the management implications. It is suggested that in order to improve the technology, joint research and development and technology transfer can be used to supplement the shortcomings of the industry in the front-end technology, ie "Microbial development". The industry should conduct researches on diversed microorganisms, such as "Trichoderma" and "Streptomyces" to be used for developing new products.