大家來客庄創業：以高雄美濃為例

When Business Bringing People to a Hakka Region: the Example of Meinong, Kaohsiung

吳瑟霞(Wu Se-Hsia)

指導教授 ： 曾純純

國立屏東科技大學/人文暨社會科學院/客家文化產業研究所/碩士(2019年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST201900273

摘要

美濃，向來是南臺灣最具客家特色的鄉鎮，早期因交通不完善，得以保存原有的客家文化、歷史建築不被破壞。20世紀末，網際網路發展與國道十號通車，縮短了城鄉的距離，高雄市政府同時串聯美濃、旗山等地成為大高雄「三十分鐘生活圈」，挹注觀光產業發展，配合農特產品大型活動的舉辦，帶來人潮，也帶來商機，吸引了其他縣市居民遷入並選擇創業。過去美濃的產業並不興盛，傳統的粄條、紙傘、藍衫、陶藝等被視為代表性產業。根據調查，在民國99年（2010）以前，境內人口趨向逐漸老化，使得多數產業及特色逐漸消逝。但近十年，美濃陸續出現有別於傳統產業的新事業，且創業主大部分都是外地遷入之居民，這些居民為何選擇住在美濃？其在創新事業之選擇因素為何？而在過程中，如何突破傳統產業的範疇？最終得以融入在地生活，並使創新事業在美濃穩定發展？為研究者主要的關注焦點。
本研究採行個案研究法，並運用文獻分析、訪談及觀察等進行蒐集資料，了解遷入居民在美濃創業背景與動機、創業資源與困境因應等。研究者調查了近十年來從外地遷入並持續經營的六個個案，最早遷入的是楊欽能藝術手作工坊，還有在廣興創業的咖啡角落，但卻受限於社會條件，未能形成風潮；直到民國105年（2016）推動「高雄市客家文創人才留美培力計畫」(以下簡稱留美計畫)，陸續有啖糕堂、草木生活、濃夫生活、鹿米竹工坊等個案，因為愛上美濃的好山好水，受到留美計畫補助的吸引，集中在永安老街創業。這些來自各領域優秀文創人才，不但帶來資金、技術與就業機會，其生產出來的產品往往運用在地食材與結合客家元素，且兼具開拓文創市場的能力，使得永安老街空間美化了，人潮變多了。經過留美計畫整體規劃與行銷在地的歷史文化與產業特色，致使老街有了新風貌，加以商店的經營型態創新，振興當地的文化產業。
本文論述了遷入美濃居民發展文創產業，通盤檢討留美計畫政策的方向，提出發想產業創新的若干觀點：推動創業文化交流，營造濃厚創業氛圍；持續開辦創業輔導課程，提升創新創業能力；公部門或民間協會則須充分掌握社區資源，有效連結建立供需互助網絡，為留「美」住民提供更友善的創業環境。

關鍵字

美濃 ； 客家 ； 微型創業 ； 留美計畫 ； 公私協力

並列摘要

Meinong has always been the most typical Hakka township in southern Taiwan. In the early days, due to imperfect traffic, the original Hakka culture and historical buildings were preserved. At the end of the 20th century, the development of the Internet and the opening of the National Highway No. 10 shortened the distance between urban and rural areas. The Kaohsiung City Government also connected Meinong and Qishan to become the “30-minute life circle” of Kaohsiung, focusing on the development of tourism industry and supporting agricultural products. The holding of large-scale events brought crowds and business opportunities, which attracting residents from other cities to move in and choose to start a business. In the past, the industries in Meinong were not prosperous. Rice noodles, paper umbrellas, traditional Hakka blue blouse, and pottery were considered as the representative industries of Meinong. According to the survey, before the Republic of China 99 years (2010), due to the loss of population, it was rare to see local residents or immigrants starting a new business in Meinong. In the past ten years, Meinong has emerged some new businesses different from traditional industries, and most of the entrepreneurs are residents who have moved in from other places. Why do these residents choose to live in Meinong? What are the factors of choice in the cause of innovation? In the process, how could they break through the scope of traditional industries? In the end, could they be able to integrate into the local life and make the innovation cause stable in Meinong? All these above are the main focus of attention for the research.
This study adopts case study method, literature analysis, interviews and observations to collect data to understand the background and motivation of the immigrants in the company, entrepreneurial resources and dilemmas. The researcher investigated six cases of new businesses in the past ten years. Failing to form a wave, the earliest cases, Yang Qinneng's art handicraft workshop and the Corner cafe in Guangxing, their development were limited by some of the social conditions at that time. Until the Republic of China 105 years (2016), when the Kaohsiung City Government starting to promote the " Hakka Cultural and Creative Talents to Stay in the Meinong" (hereinafter referred to as the “Maintain Meinong” plan), it seems that new businesses become more successful, such as Meinong TanKaoTang, Green Life Art Studio, Joy Life SeMeinong and Deer-Rice Banboo Studio. All of them fell in love with Meinong's beautiful surrounding. They were also attracted by the subsidy of “Maintain Meinong” plan, and concentrated on entrepreneurship in Yongan Old Street. These outstanding talents from various fields not only bring capital, technology and employment opportunities, but also produce products that use local ingredients and combine Hakka elements. Having the ability to open up the cultural and creative market, they gradually make the space of Yongan Old Street more beautiful. The crowd has changed a lot. With the planning and marketing of “Maintain Meinong” plan , the historical culture and industrial characteristics of the local market have led to the new style of the old street, the innovation of the store's business model and the revitalization of the local cultural industry.
This article discusses the development of the cultural and creative industries in the residents of Meinong, including the overall review of the directions of the “Maintain Meinong” plan policy, and puts forward some ideas for industrial innovation: promoting entrepreneurial cultural exchanges, creating a strong entrepreneurial atmosphere; continuing to start entrepreneurial counseling courses to enhance innovation and entrepreneurship. Public departments or civil associations must fully grasp the community resources, effectively link the establishment of a network of supply and demand, and provide a more friendly entrepreneurial environment for the new residents of “Maintain Meinong”.

並列關鍵字

Meinong ； Hakka ； Micro-enterprise ； Kaohsiung's “Maintain Meinong” plan ； Public-private partnership

參考文獻

李宗勳（2004）。公私協力與委外化的效應與價值：一項進行中的治理改造工程。公共行政學報，12，41-77。

潘淑滿、楊榮宗（2013）。跨國境後之主體形成：婚姻移民單親母親的在地與跨境協商。臺大社工學刊，27，135-184。

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