跨國境後之主體形成：婚姻移民單親母親的在地與跨境協商

Subject Construction after Cross-Border: Immigrant Lone Mothers and Their Local and Cross-Border Negotiation

潘淑滿(Shu-Man Pan) ； 楊榮宗(Jung-Tsung Yang)

《臺大社會工作學刊》 27期 (2013/06) Pp. 135-183

https://doi.org/10.6171/ntuswr2013.27.04

摘要

本研究根據20位婚姻移民單親母親的訪談資料，探討婚姻移民對於跨國婚姻抉擇的考量，及其妻職→母職→單親母親的身分轉換過程，如何突破角色限制，展現主體。研究發現，在主流形塑「經濟道德」氛圍下，受訪者傾向隱藏不符合社會期待的慾望，婚姻關係中的角色扮演，更是受到照顧長輩影響。迥異於本籍婦女和非單親婚姻移民之策略運用，不需要照顧長輩的受訪者，傾向運用延展式角色協商策略；需要照顧長輩的受訪者，則傾向運用妥協式角色協商。成為單親母親後，角色兼顧的策略，明顯受到子女年齡影響。子女在學齡前階段，普遍運用跨境協商或調整工作時間與地點；子女在學齡階段，則發展在地資源或調整工作。成為母親後，「他者」身分可能鬆動，所以「成為母親」絕非缺乏主體的經驗。女性主義的母職論述，無法反映弱勢婚姻移民單親母親的經驗，傳統「好媽媽」論述未必規範母職實踐，跨境協商讓「親職」呈現多元。跨境協商凸顯親職是兩代女人的事，男人依舊從親職中缺席。本研究提出三項建議：一、解構傳統母職論述；二、建構多元家庭支持方案；三、發展「比例制」勞動規範與配套措施。

關鍵字

在地與跨境協商 ； 多元家庭支持方案 ； 婚姻移民單親母親 ； 跨境母職

並列摘要

Drawing on in-depth interviews with 20 immigrant lone mothers, this paper presents their experiences of local and cross-border negotiation of motherhood. Before becoming lone mothers, marriage immigrant women's strategies of motherhood negotiation are contingent on their responsibility to care for elderly members of their husband's family. If marriage immigrant women are not responsible for caring for the elderly in their husband's family, they tend to resort to extended negotiation of motherhood. If they are responsible for caring for the elderly, they tend to employ compromised negotiation of motherhood. After becoming lone mothers, marriage immigrant women's strategies of practicing motherhood depend on the age of their children. If their children are of pre-school age, immigrant lone mothers tend to use cross-border negotiation or adjustment of their working schedule and location. If their children are of school age, immigrant lone mothers tend to develop local resources or change their jobs. This paper argues that current feminist discourse on mothering and traditional discourse on the good mother cannot adequately interpret these motherhood strategies. These strategies not only challenge traditional and feminist discourses of motherhood but also reveal the empowerment of cross-border negotiation. However, this negotiation only involves immigrant lone mothers and their own mothers still living in their country of origin, the father in Taiwan remains absent. Facing global migration and increasing divorce rate and single parent families, this paper proposes: (1) presenting new discourse on mothering; (2) conducting multiple family support programs; and (3) providing social benefits for (multiple) part time jobs.

並列關鍵字

local and cross-border negotiation ； multiple family support programs ； immigrant lone mothers ； transnational mothering

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