羅賓根蟎新人工飼料之開發與評估

羅賓根蟎 (Rhizoglyphus robini Claparède) 為根蟎屬重要物種之一，分布範圍廣泛，寄主植物種類繁多對多種藥劑已產生嚴重抗藥性，因此需發展生物防治解決根蟎的防治發展生物防治需大量品質良好的蟲源供試驗用。本研究開發酵母粉 (YAD)、小麥胚芽 (WAD)、奶粉 (MAD)、花生粕 (PAD)、黑芝麻粕 (BAD)、花麥 (PWAD) 及花酵 (PYAD)等 7種新人工飼料並比較 7種新人工飼料與 Bot and Meyer人工飼料 (B&M AD) 的配製時間和成本，結果顯示 7種新人工飼料所需的配製時間 (13分 57秒至 14分 21秒 ) 與 B&M AD差異顯著 (45分 21秒計算每份飼料 (約 1.4公斤 ) 所需的費用，顯示 B&M AD成本高達 909元， 7種新人工飼料成本僅介於 81~160元，由此可知 7種新人工飼料無論在配製時間與成本，均較 B&M AD低。接續測試在 25 ± 1 °C、 60 ± 5% RH及無光照條件下飼育羅賓根蟎評估繁殖潛力，顯示在第 20日 PYAD和 YAD飼育之成蟎數量分別達 965.16和 929.04隻為最高，而 8種人工飼料之後代雌性比無顯著差異 (0.47~0.57)。經由繁殖潛力結果挑選出 PAD、 YAD、 PYAD及對照的 B&M AD 等 4種人工飼料進行生活史、生命表及連續飼育研究結果顯示羅賓根蟎取食 B&M AD之雌雄總發育期最短 (9.84、 10.00日 YAD次之 (10.49、 10.45日 )。 3種新人工飼料之產卵前期皆比 B&M AD短。產卵期以取食 PAD為最長 (48.83日而以 B&M AD為最短 (2.63日 )。一生總產卵量取食 PAD、 YAD及 PYAD (408.04、 415.92及 411.00粒 ) 與 B&M AD差異顯著 (14.04粒每雌每日平均產卵量為 YAD最高 (14.28粒 PYAD次之 (11.68粒 )。 4種人工飼料間之雄成蟎壽命均顯著較雌成蟎長。 3種新人工飼料之後代雌性比與 B&M AD間呈現差異顯著性。取食不同人工飼料之族群介量無論內在增殖率 (r)、終極增殖率 (λ)、淨增殖率 (R0) 均以 YAD最高 (0.280、 1.323、 PYAD次之 (r = 0.262、 λ = 1.300、 R0 = 而 B&M AD為最低 (r = 0.125、 λ = 1.133、 R0 = 7.02)；平均世代所需時間 (T) 介於 15.56日 (B&M AD) ~28.31日 ( 族群倍增時間 (DT) 介於 2.47日 (YAD) ~5.53日 (B&M AD)。以 4種人工飼料連續飼育 30日 B&M AD和 PAD之成蟎數量在第 25日達最高峰，分別為 2261.33和 1049.67隻 YAD和 PYAD在第 30日達最高峰，分別為 2479.67和 2482.67隻且在第 20~30日間數量維持在 2,000隻以上。取食 4種人工飼料之後代雌性比在第 10~30日皆無顯著差異。綜合上述， YAD和 PYAD配製時間短，成本低廉，在短時間內能生產最大量的羅賓根蟎，可做為未來最適合大量生產羅賓根蟎之新人工飼料。關鍵詞：羅賓根蟎、人工飼料、生活史、開發、評估

關鍵字

羅賓根蟎；人工飼料；生活史；開發；評估

並列摘要

The bulb mite, Rhizoglyphus robini Claparède was an important species of Rhizoglyphus, which has a wide range of distribution and a large variety of host plants. The mite has developed severe resistance to a variety of pesticides. Therefore, it’s necessary to develope biological control to solve the problem of bulb mite. The development of biological control requires a large number of good quality insect sources for testing. This study developed seven new artificial diets, yeast powder (YAD), wheat germ (WAD), milk powder (MAD), peanut meal (PAD), black sesame meal (BAD), peanut meal + wheat germ (PWAD), and peanut meal + yeast powder (PYAD). Their manufacture time and cost were compared with Bot and Meyer artificial diet (B&M AD). The results showed that manufacture time of 7 new artificial diets (13 min 57 sec to 14 min 21 sec) were significantly different with B&M AD (45 min 21 sec). The cost of each artificial diets (about 1.4 kg) showed the B&M AD was NTD909, and the 7 new artificial diets ranged from NTD81-160. Therefore, manufacture time and cost of 7 new artificial diets were lower than B&M AD. Next, I evaluated reproductive potential of R. robini under 25 ± 1 °C, 60 ± 5% RH and no light. The results showed that number of adults were 965.16 and 929.04 on PYAD and YAD (20th day); the ratio of female among 8 artificial diets were not significantly different (0.47-0.57). Through reproductive potential result, I selected PAD, YAD, PYAD, and B&M AD (control) to study life history, life table, and continuous rearing of R. robini. The developmental duration of female and male were the shortest on B&M AD (9.84, 10.00 days), followed by YAD (10.49, 10.45 days). The preoviposition of 3 new artificial diets were shorter than B&M AD. The oviposition was the longest (48.83 days) on PAD, and the shortest on B&M AD (2.63 days). The total number of eggs on PAD, YAD and PYAD (408.04, 415.92, and 411.00 eggs) were significantly different with B&M AD (14.04 eggs). The average of eggs of per day was the highest (14.28 eggs) on YAD, followed by PYAD (11.68 eggs). The longevity of males among 4 artificial diets were significantly longer than females. The ratio of female among 3 new artificial diets were significantly different with B&M AD. The population parameters, the intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ), and net reproductive rate (R0) were the highest (0.280, 1.323, and 231.59) on YAD, followed by PYAD (r = 0.262, λ = 1.300, R0 = 216.70), and the lowest on B&M AD (r = 0.125, λ = 1.133, R0 = 7.02). The R. robini population needed 15.56-28.31 days for a mean generation time (T). The doubling time (DT) ranged from 2.47 to 5.53 days. Continuous rearing for 30 days, the number of adults on B&M AD and PAD were highest peak (2261.33, 1049.67) in 25th day; the number of adults on YAD and PYAD were highest peak (2479.67, 2482.67) in 30th day, and quantities maintained more than 2,000 adults in 20-30 days. In 10-30 days, ratio of female among 4 artificial diets were not significantly different. To sum up, YAD and PYAD have short manufacture time and low cost, and they can produce the maximum amount of R. robini in a short time. In the future, they will be suitable new artificial diets for produceing the maximum amount of R. robini. Keywords: Rhizoglyphus robini, artificial diets, life history, development, evaluation