友善環境耕作農場的人力需求與影響因素之研究

全球氣候變遷，友善環境耕作農業被視為安全農業與永續農業的實踐方式。而臺灣現今農業勞動力日漸流失，普遍存在農業缺工的問題，藉由本研究瞭解臺灣地區友善環境耕作的概況及人力需求條件，並推測未來影響產業人力需求的因素，以利人力活化運用、輔導訓練及培育更多農業專業人力，解決農場經營者之人力需求。本研究利用卡方檢定結果可得知，友善環境耕作農場、人力需求及影響因素等三構面其結果皆會相互影響，結論如下所示：(一)目前臺灣友善環境耕作之農場屬於小規模種植的高齡化小農，顯示出人力需求的瓶頸。未來人力職務類型可分為生產栽培類、經營管理類與加工貯運類；其中以生產栽培類最重視人力需具備農業科系學歷與農業實務經驗；農場每月願付薪資為28,101-33,100元。(二)友善環境耕作農業人力招募困難；留任的關鍵為薪酬福利16.9%、工作氛圍14.7%與適才適所13.5%；影響人力需求因素以友善環境耕作產業環境影響最大。

關鍵字

友善環境耕作；永續農業；農業勞動力；影響因素

並列摘要

Global climate change, eco-friendly farming is considered a way of safe farming and sustainable agriculture. At present, agricultural labor force in Taiwan is outflow, and the problem of agricultural shortage is universal. This study is to understand the general situation of friendly environmental farming in Taiwan and the conditions of human resources needs, and speculate on the factors that affect the demand of industrial talents in the future, in order to facilitate the use of talents and counseling. And cultivate more agricultural professionals to solve the talent needs of farm operators. This study uses the chi-square test results to show that the results of the three facets, include of environment-friendly farm, human resources needs and influencing factors will affect each other. The conclusions are as follows: (1) At present, farmers in Taiwan's friendly environment farming are aging farmers who are planted on a small proportion, showing the predicament of human resources needs. In the future, the types of talents can be divided into production and cultivation, management and marketing, and marketing; among them, the most important talents for production and cultivation need to have the experience of agricultural degree and agricultural practical experience; the farm is willing to pay a salary of NTD 28,101-33,100 per month. (2) The recruitment of talented people in environment-friendly farm is difficult; the key to retention is the salary and welfare16.9%, working atmosphere14.7% and appropriate13.5%; The most influence of affecting the human resources needs is the environment-friendly farm environment.