萬巒鄉客庄女性新移民婚姻特性與生活適應之研究

儘管日久他鄉是故鄉，但移民如何銜接新居地的文化已是所有移民研究的重要課題。而在文化過渡的過程當中，新移民如何瞭解、接納居住地原有的本土文化，甚至成為延續文化的重要元素，研究仍莫衷一是，因為異時異地便會產生不同的文化與生活適應模式，這也顯得以地域、族群為類別的田野實證研究成為移民研究中不可或缺的一塊。本論文以屏東縣萬巒鄉客家地區的新移民為研究範圍，以戶政機關統計資料為主，半結構性訪談為輔的研究方法，同時利用地理資訊系統空間展現功能，分析萬巒鄉女性新移民的婚姻特性及生活適應。本研究認為不同族群的新移民會選擇與原鄉文化較為相同的地區居住，此差異點在空間分佈中能明顯看出。此外，因文化認同與語言優勢，廣東籍較其他地區的新移民更能適應較為強勢的客家本地文化。由於台灣許多飲食文化皆由閩南或客家人從大陸傳來台灣，因此大陸地區新移民比較習慣台灣飲食文化。相反地，東南亞新移民較不習慣，無論大陸或東南亞新移民他們原居地的飲食皆比台灣更重口味。萬巒地區客庄大部分受訪新移民來台後，比較不會改變原鄉宗教信仰；相反地，非客庄受訪新移民則都改以天主聖母的宗教為主。

關鍵字

新移民；婚姻特性；地理資訊系統；客庄

並列摘要

Cross-cultural adaptation pattern of new immigrants has been an essential issue among Immigration studies in recent years. However, no unified identified model of how those new immigrants to understand and recognize local culture in resettlement could be designed universally due to the difference caused by factors of timing and space. The deficiency implicates the significance of empirical field study categorized by people and birthplace. This thesis not only conducted quantitative analysis of statistical data from household registration authority and descriptive questionnaires but also presented the spatial implications by geographic information system to reveal the marriage pattern and cultural adaptation of new immigrants in Wanluan township, Pingtung County. This study indicated new immigrants would choose their residence depending on native culture, this phenomenon could be well-narrated in spatial analysis, besides, Cantonese Immigrants could accommodate to dominant local Hakka culture with the advantage of same cultural identity and language.