以 Sulfachloropyrazine 和 Toltrazuril 為模式建立堆型球蟲抗藥性評估方法

Using Sulfachloropyrazine and Toltrazuril as the Model to Establish the Evaluation Method of Drug Resistance in Eimeria acervulina

艾米拉(Amira Nadia Prastuti)

指導教授 ： 連一洋

國立屏東科技大學/獸醫學院/獸醫學系所/碩士(2020年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST202000445

摘要

本研究評估抗球蟲藥磺胺氯吡嗪(sulfachloropyrazine, Esb3)與妥曲珠利(toltrazuril, TZL)對台灣田間E. acervulina 球蟲株抗藥性之情形。本實驗的E. acervulina球蟲株1 (A-1)，E. acervulina球蟲株2 (A-2)及E. acervulina球蟲株3 (A-3)均分離自田間。E. acervulina可達腸道病變指數2到3的標準攻毒量為1X106顆/隻。實驗設計將無球蟲白肉雞共250隻(N=250)分為10組(25羽/組)，其組別分為未攻毒未治療(UUC)、攻毒A-1未治療(IUC-A1)、攻毒A-2未治療(IUC-A2)、攻毒A-3未治療(IUC-A3)；藥物實驗組，Esb3治療攻毒A-1 (Esb3-A1)、Esb3治療攻毒A-2 (Esb3-A2)、Esb3治療攻毒A-3 (Esb3-A3)、TZL治療攻毒A-1 (TZL-A1)、TZL治療攻毒A-2 (TZL-A2)以及TZL治療攻毒A-3 (TZL-A-3)。每7日齡進行雞隻以及飼料秤重以評估飼料換肉率(feed conversion ratio, FCR)。雞隻於14日齡攻毒，攻毒後12小時投予Esb3 (0.3g/L)與TZL (0.025g/L)，連續投予3日進行治療後停藥，21日齡收集糞便以計算卵囊以及稱重後犧牲每組取15隻雞隻進行剖檢判斷病變指數，剩餘雞隻飼養到35日齡於稱重後結束實驗。實驗結果顯示各組IUC與藥物實驗組Esb3之腸道病變指數皆有顯著差異，但與藥物實驗組TZL則無顯著性差異；兩種藥物皆降低了卵囊排出量；AST 結果顯示，三株球蟲株皆對藥物實驗組Esb3和TZL無敏感性；ACI與GI顯示，三株球蟲株對Esb3為敏感性，對TZL則為部分敏感性或敏感性。綜合本實驗中抗球蟲指數(anticoccidial index, ACI)、全球指數(global index, GI)以及抗球蟲敏感性試驗(anticoccidial sensitivity test, AST)之結果，Esb3的抗球蟲作用比TZL佳。本實驗結果可供業者作為輪替使用藥物之參考依據以降低經濟上的損失。

關鍵字:抗藥性、Sulfachloropyrazine、Toltrazuril、E. acervulina

關鍵字

抗藥性 ； Sulfachloropyrazine ； Toltrazuril ； E. acervulina

並列摘要

This study evaluated the drug resistance of Sulfachloropyrazine (Esb3) and Toltrazuril (TZL) in the Eimeria acervulina in Taiwan. Three isolates of E. acervulina were obtained from field. The standard of E. acervulina inoculated dose was 106 / bird which could reach to the lesion score of 2 to 3. The coccidiosis-free broiler (N=250) were divided into ten groups (25 birds/group). The control groups were uninfected untreated control (UUC), A-1 infected untreated control (IUC-A1), A-2 infected untreated control (IUC-A2) and A-3 infected untreated control (IUC-A3). The drug experiment groups were based on different wild strains of E. acervulina are follows: A-1 infected Esb3 treated (Esb3-A1), A-1 infected TZL treated (TZL-A1), A-2 infected Esb3 treated (Esb3-A2), and A-2 infected TZL treated (TZL-A2), A-3 infected Esb3 treated (Esb3-A2), and A-3 infected TZL treated (TZL-A3). The body weight and feeds consumption were recorded every seven days for assessment of food conversion rate (FCR). At 14 days old, 12 hours after challenged with E. acervulina, chickens were given with Esb3 (0.3g/L) and TZL (0.025g/L) in consecutive three days. At 21 days old, feces were collected for the calculation of oocyst per gram (OPG), and 15 chickens per group were sacrificed for lesion examination. The remaining 10 of the chickens continued to be raised to 35 days of age. The drug resistance was determined by the following formulas: Percentage of Optimum Anticoccidial Activity (POAA), Anticoccidial Index (ACI), Global Index (GI), and Anticoccidial Sensitivity Test (AST). The results showed that the lesion score of the ESB3 experimental group was significantly different with IUC groups, while TZL experimental group was not significantly different with IUC groups. On the other hand, the output of oocyst on both experimental groups was decreased. Neither Esb3 experimental group nor TZL experimental group was shown full sensitivity in AST. However, all Esb3 experimental group score of GI and ACI was show sensitivity. Contrarily TZL experimental group showed either partial sensitivity or sensitivity. Based on this study, Esb3 has shown better anticoccidial efficacy than TZL. Improving the prevention strategy by anticoccidial rotation would avoid further economic loss.

Key words: Drug resistance, Sulfachloropyrazine, Toltrazuril, E. acervulina

並列關鍵字

Drug resistance ； Sulfachloropyrazine ； Toltrazuril ； E. acervulina

參考文獻

REFERENCES

Abbas, R.Z., Iqbal, Z., Sindhu, Z.D., Khan, M.N., Arshad, M., 2008. Identification of Cross-Resistance and Multiple Resistance in Eimeria tenella Field Isolates to Commonly Used Anticoccidials in Pakistan. J Appl Poult Res 17, 361-368.

Allen, P.C., Fetterer, R.H., 2002. Recent advances in biology and immunobiology of Eimeria species and in diagnosis and control of infection with these coccidian parasites of poultry. Clin Microbiol Rev 15, 58-65.

Arabkhazaeli, F., Modrisanei, M., Nabian, S., Mansoori, B., Madani, A., 2013. Evaluating the resistance of Eimeria Spp. Field isolates to anticoccidial drugs using three different indices. Iran. J. Parasitol. 8, 234-241.

Bates, C., Hiett, K., Stern, N., 2004. Relationship of Campylobacter isolated from poultry and from darkling beetles in New Zealand. Avian Dis. 48, 138-147.